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ItemACTIVIDAD FITOTÓXICA Y TAMIZAJE FITOQUÍMICO DE LOS EXTRACTOS DE HOJAS DE BALSA ( Ochroma Pyramidale ) PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN DE BIOHERBICIDAS.(INGENIERO INDUSTRIAS AGROPECUARIAS, 2022) VERDUGA LÓPEZ CRISTHIAN DARÍO ; ZAMBRANO VEGA JAIRO ARGENISThe use of waste of plant origin as raw materials plays a fundamental role in the economic and social well-being of Ecuador. The research was developed with the objective of determining the presence of secondary metabolites and their potential phytotoxic activity from balsa leaves (Ochoroma pyrdamile) for the production of bioherbicides. Extracts were obtained by means of maceration and placed in a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 45 °C with an atmospheric pressure of 175 mbars for the respective phytochemical screening and analysis of the phenolic content. The allelopathic effect of balsa extracts on lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa) was evaluated. The aqueous and ethanolic fractions of teak leaves were used as part of the treatments to contrast the allelopathic effects of the bolla leaf extracts. A completely randomized design was used with the inclusion of 3 concentrations of the extracts in their two aqueous and ethanolic fractions (500, 1500 and 2500 mg-L-1), in each treatment the variables number of germinated seeds, percentage of germination, allelopathic response index, length of the radicle, hypocotyl and cotyledons. A flowchart and diagram for pilot plant production were developed according to each of the processes applied to obtain the extracts. The results show a high presence (+++) of saponins, tannins, reducing sugars in the aqueous and ethanolic phases in the extracts of balsa leaves. The greatest allelopathic effect occurred at concentrations of 2500 mg/l of the ethanolic fractions of both plant species, being less than 44%. The material balance of the extracts from the leaves of both shrub species show a yield of 6.08% (teak) and 5.94% (raft). The fractions of the ethanolic extracts of the balsa leaves showed an allelopathic effect on the lettuce seeds.Keywords: Balsa, bioherbicide, allelopathic effect, metabolites, screening, teak.
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ItemCAPACITACIÓN SOBRE EL MANEJO TÉCNICO DE GANADO BOVINO DE LECHE A LOS GANADEROS DEL SITIO COHETE DE LA PARROQUIA SAN PEDRO DE SUMA DEL CANTÓN EL CARMEN.(INGENIERO ZOOTECNISTA, 2013) CEDEÑO DUEÑAS MAURICIO ANTONIO ; MONTALVÁN LÓPEZ OSWALDO CALIXTO ; PONCE GARZÓN GLORIA MARGARITA ; SALDARRIAGA MONCAYO DARWIN LEONARDOSUMMARY The aim of the thesis was to establish adequate training on the technical management of dairy cattle to farmers Rocket Site of St. Peter 's Parish Sum of Canton El Carmen, for this is prioritized existing problems on the site , achieving reach specific tasks of the community integration revealing new techniques in the management of dairy cattle production through training on the management of production , encouraging the area's management processes weaning and breeding calves , with the intention of improving animal performance , allowing farmers to contribute to the development of the productive processes , directly benefiting farmers and indirectly to the researchers of the project with the community of the site , for the development of the thesis was used in the thesis was used participatory Action method to investigate the reality detecting problems in the farming community , planning and executing actions directed to improvements in participatory way. like work conclusions improvement was obtained with adequate training on the technical management of dairy cattle to farmers Rocket Site which helped him learn new techniques in dairy cattle production , strengthening the quality of life of producers also showed that the improvement made has strengthened the cattle producing milk , feeling motivated by the improvements implemented , this allowed them to be more efficient in the proper handling with expertise in livestock production
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ItemCAPACITACIÓN SOBRE LOS PROCESOS DE RECEPCIÓN Y CONTROL DE HIGIENE DE LA LECHE CRUDA A LOS PRODUCTORES DEL SITIO SAN AGUSTIN DE LA PARROQUIA 4 DE DICIEMBRE DEL CANTÓN EL CARMEN, 2013(INGENIERO ZOOTECNISTA, 2013) CHICA CUSME MIGUEL JAIRO ; CHCIA SANTOS FACUNDO TRINIDAD ; LOOR ZAMBRANO MARÍA ESPERANZA ; OCHOA GARZÓN JORGE MOICESSUMMARY This project was developed at the San Augustine site, December 4 parish belonging to the El Carmen city in the Property of Mrs Mariana Benalcázar Carranza , it was conducted in the months of June and July 2013 , having as a general objective the capacitation of the producers San Augustine site about the receiving processes and control of raw milk hygiene, the following techniques were used: matrix involved, problem tree , objective tree, alternative tree, logical framework matrix . We used tools such as surveys that were directed to the population of San Augustine site, which it was identified that there are several problems in the methods used by cattle producers to obtain milk. The main reason about these methods they are inadequate because the producers do not know a proper way to milk and store the raw milk, for that reason, taking into account the background above, it was necessary to contribute to the training of hygiene and sanitation of raw milk that promotes the knowledge of who are involved in this type of business. Specific objectives were reached, being a success the Training to cattle milk farmers which from now on will be able to apply the Good Management Practices (GMP) in performing daily milking.
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ItemCAPACITACIÓN SOBRE LOS PROCESOS DE RECEPCIÓN Y CONTROL DE HIGIENE DE LA LECHE CRUDA A LOS PRODUCTORES DEL SITIO SAN AGUSTÍN DE LA PARROQUIA 4 DE DICIEMBRE DEL CANTÓN EL CARMEN 2013(INGENIERÍA ZOOTÉCNICA, 2013) CHICA CUSME, MIGUEL JAIRO ; CHICA SANTOS, FACUNDO TRINIDAD ; LOOR ZAMBRANO, MARÍA ESPERANZA ; OCHOA GARZÓN, JORGE MOICESThis project was developed at the San Augustine site, December 4 parish belonging to the El Carmen city in the Property of Mrs Mariana Benalcázar Carranza , it was conducted in the months of June and July 2013 , having as a general objective the capacitation of the producers San Augustine site about the receiving processes and control of raw milk hygiene, the following techniques were used: matrix involved, problem tree , objective tree, alternative tree, logical framework matrix . We used tools such as surveys that were directed to the population of San Augustine site, which it was identified that there are several problems in the methods used by cattle producers to obtain milk. The main reason about these methods they are inadequate because the producers do not know a proper way to milk and store the raw milk, for that reason, taking into account the background above, it was necessary to contribute to the training of hygiene and sanitation of raw milk that promotes the knowledge of who are involved in this type of business. Specific objectives were reached, being a success the Training to cattle milk farmers which from now on will be able to apply the Good Management Practices (GMP) in performing daily milking.
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ItemCOMPORTAMIENTO AGRONÓMICO, PRODUCTIVO Y BROMATOLÓGICO DE CUATRO GRAMÍNEAS TROPICALES EN EL SUELO VERSITOL DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ZOOTÉCNICAS.(INGENIERO ZOOTECNISTA, 2021) LOOR GÓMEZ DOLORES ANTONIA ; ZAMBRANO BRAVO BRYAN DARÍOThe present study aimed to evaluate the agronomic, productive and bromatological behavior of four tropical grasses (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaza, Megathyrsus maximus cv. Saboya, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú and Eriochloa polystachya kunth var. Janeiro, arranged in a vertisol soil in the area of pastures and forages of the Faculty of Zootechnical Sciences of the Technical University of Manabí A completely randomized design with four treatments and five repetitions was implemented, to evaluate variables at 30 and 45 days related to agronomic behavior such as; plant height, leaf length and width, leaf-stem ratio, stem diameter and root development. Likewise, the productive variable of the grasses was evaluated, which was the biomass production and finally the nutritional quality through variables bromatological that includes crude protein, organic matter, dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber From the results it is established that regarding the plant height variable, p <0.05 the Mombaza and Saboya grasses stand out with 162.40 and 171.20 cm at 45 days respectively, while at 30 days the treatments do not present significant differences. Regarding the leaf length variable, the Mombaza and Saboya grass were the ones that performed the best with a total of 75.60 and 98.80cm at 30 and 45 days, with regard to the width of the leaf the one that best performed It behaved was Mombaza grass at 30 days with 27.20 mm, at 45 days Mombaza and Savoy grass showed a similar behavior 29.60 mm and (28.80). In the leaf-stem relationship variable, the one that had the best correspondence was Mombaza grass (2.06) at 45 days, while at 30 days there were no differences between treatments, in terms of root development, all treatments presented similar behavior both at 30 and 45 days. Regarding the forage yield at 30 days all the treatments behaved the same p> 0.05, while at 45 days the highest yields were obtained in the Brachiaria, Mombaza and Saboya pastures, with 8059.66, 7020, 88 and 8960.95 Tn / DM / ha. The best protein content was obtained in the Janeiro grass at 30 days after regrowth, while at 45 days all the treatments showed similar behavior, the content of neutral detergent fiber was better at 30 days, in terms of both dry matter. regrowth stages showed similarity in their behavior. The treatment with the best performance in terms of productive, agronomic and bromatological development was Mombaza grass followed by Saboya grass, in soil under the conditions of the study area
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ItemCOMPORTAMIENTO AGRONÓMICO, PRODUCTIVO Y BROMATOLÓGICO DE CUATRO GRAMÍNEAS TROPICALES EN EL SUELO VERSITOL DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ZOOTÉCNICAS.(INGENIERO ZOOTECNISTA, 2021) LOOR GÓMEZ DOLORES ANTONIA ; ZAMBRANO BRAVO BRYAN DARÍOThe present study aimed to evaluate the agronomic, productive and bromatological behavior of four tropical grasses (Megathyrsus maximus cv. Mombaza, Megathyrsus maximus cv. Saboya, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandú and Eriochloa polystachya kunth var. Janeiro, arranged in a vertisol soil in the area of pastures and forages of the Faculty of Zootechnical Sciences of the Technical University of Manabí A completely randomized design with four treatments and five repetitions was implemented, to evaluate variables at 30 and 45 days related to agronomic behavior such as; plant height, leaf length and width, leaf-stem ratio, stem diameter and root development. Likewise, the productive variable of the grasses was evaluated, which was the biomass production and finally the nutritional quality through variables bromatological that includes crude protein, organic matter, dry matter, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber From the results it is established that regarding the plant height variable, p <0.05 the Mombaza and Saboya grasses stand out with 162.40 and 171.20 cm at 45 days respectively, while at 30 days the treatments do not present significant differences. Regarding the leaf length variable, the Mombaza and Saboya grass were the ones that performed the best with a total of 75.60 and 98.80cm at 30 and 45 days, with regard to the width of the leaf the one that best performed It behaved was Mombaza grass at 30 days with 27.20 mm, at 45 days Mombaza and Savoy grass showed a similar behavior 29.60 mm and (28.80). In the leaf-stem relationship variable, the one that had the best correspondence was Mombaza grass (2.06) at 45 days, while at 30 days there were no differences between treatments, in terms of root development, all treatments presented similar behavior both at 30 and 45 days. Regarding the forage yield at 30 days all the treatments behaved the same p> 0.05, while at 45 days the highest yields were obtained in the Brachiaria, Mombaza and Saboya pastures, with 8059.66, 7020, 88 and 8960.95 Tn / DM / ha. The best protein content was obtained in the Janeiro grass at 30 days after regrowth, while at 45 days all the treatments showed similar behavior, the content of neutral detergent fiber was better at 30 days, in terms of both dry matter. regrowth stages showed similarity in their behavior. The treatment with the best performance in terms of productive, agronomic and bromatological development was Mombaza grass followed by Saboya grass, in soil under the conditions of the study area
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ItemCOMPORTAMIENTO PRODUCTIVO DE GALLINAS PONEDORAS MEDIANTE LA UTILIZACIÓN DE DOS SISTEMAS DE ALIMENTACIÓN DURANTE LA PRIMERA ETAPA DE PRODUCCION DE HUEVOS.(INGENIERO ZOOTECNISTA, 2014) ALVAREZ ZAMBRANO WILTER BIENVENIDO ; MENÉNDEZ CASTILLO ALEX IVANSUMMARY The influence of different types of food in laying hens of Isa Brown genetic line bred floor on performance to compete in the market were evaluated. Two treatments comprised of five replicates each were evaluated, Design was used at random (DCA), for which he worked with 250 laying hens 19 weeks reared age floor thoroughly, each treatment had 125 chickens in a group (T1) the supply system 70% (AM) 30% (pM), and in the other group (T2) the proportion 30% (AM) 70% (pM) was studied. The variables evaluated were: Weekly Production (%), weekly egg weight (g), weekly egg mass (kg) Feed intake (g / d), feed conversion (Kg / Kg) Weight gain Hen (Kg) and economic analysis ($). The T2 group had the best average in all evaluated variables (P<0.05). Similarly, the T2 earned less economic loss, which was $0,13 per dollar. It is recommended to producers of laying hens kept in floor distribute daily food in proportion 30% in the morning and 70% in the afternoon.
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ItemCOMPORTAMIENTO PRODUCTIVO DE GALLINAS PONEDORAS MEDIANTE LA UTILIZACIÓN DE DOS SISTEMAS DE ALIMENTACIÓN DURANTE LA PRIMERA ETAPA DE PRODUCCIÓN DE HUEVOS(INGENIERÍA ZOOTÉCNICA, 2014-11) ALVAREZ ZAMBRANO, WILTER BIENVENIDO ; MENÉNDEZ CASTILLO, ALEX IVÁNThe influence of different types of food in laying hens of Isa Brown genetic line bred floor on performance to compete in the market were evaluated. Two treatments comprised of five replicates each were evaluated, Design was used at random (DCA), for which he worked with 250 laying hens 19 weeks reared age floor thoroughly, each treatment had 125 chickens in a group (T1) the supply system 70% (AM) 30% (pM), and in the other group (T2) the proportion 30% (AM) 70% (pM) was studied. The variables evaluated were: Weekly Production (%), weekly egg weight (g), weekly egg mass (kg) Feed intake (g / d), feed conversion (Kg / Kg) Weight gain Hen (Kg) and economic analysis ($). The T2 group had the best average in all evaluated variables (P<0.05). Similarly, the T2 earned less economic loss, which was $0,13 per dollar. It is recommended to producers of laying hens kept in floor distribute daily food in proportion 30% in the morning and 70% in the afternoon.
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ItemCOMPORTAMIENTO PRODUCTIVO EN CONEJOS NEOZELANDES ( Oryctolagus cuniculus ) MEDIANTE LA INCLUSIÓN DE DIFERENTES NIVELES DE CERDAZA EN LA ALIMENTACIÓN DURANTE LAS ETAPAS DE CRECIMIENTO Y ENGORDE.(INGENIERO ZOOTECNISTA, 2022) FREILE FARÍAS ALEXIS XAVIER ; MUÑOZ VERA ENA MARÍARabbit production in Ecuador, in recent years, has witnessed a gradual development associated with the commercial and nutritional interest of meat. The research was developed with the objective of evaluating the feeding potential of Cerdaza in the feeding of rabbits in the Chone canton of the province of Manabí, Ecuador, during the growth and fattening stages. The sow meal was obtained from the pig production area of the Faculty of Zootechnical Sciences. A Completely Random Design (DCA) was used, for the interpretation of the results the analysis of variance (ANADEVA) will be carried out, with three treatments (5, 10 and 15%) and a control. The productive parameters initial weight, weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield and cost-benefit ratio were evaluated. The results of the analysis of variance showed significant effects (p<0.05) when including 15% of sow meal in the finishing stage, reaching a weight of 2389 g, weight gain of 20.97 g/day, feed conversion of 3.94 g/g. However, during the growth stage, the results did not show statistical differences between the average values of the parameters weight, feed intake and feed conversion, while weight gain was significant (p<0.05) with the other parameters. Carcass yield (%) was not significant (p>0.05) with values ranging from 59.82 to 60.17%. The economic performance was better in the T3 treatment, reaching averages of $1.19 (for every dollar invested, nineteen cents of profit). It is concluded that the inclusion of bristle meal showed a better performance in the productive behavior of rabbits of the New Zealand breed. Keywords: Cerdaza, rabbits, production parameters, economic performance
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Item“COMPORTAMIENTO PRODUCTIVO EN CONEJOS NEOZELANDES (Oryctolagus cuniculus) MEDIANTE LA INCLUSION DE DIFERENTES NIVELES DE CERDAZA EN LA ALIMENTACION DURANTE LAS ETAPAS DE CRECIMIENTO Y ENGORDE”(INGENIERO ZOOTECNISTA, 2022) FREILE FARÍAS ALEXIS XAVIER ; MUÑOZ VERA ENA MARÍARabbit production in Ecuador, in recent years, has witnessed a gradual development associated with the commercial and nutritional interest of meat. The research was developed with the objective of evaluating the feeding potential of Cerdaza in the feeding of rabbits in the Chone canton of the province of Manabí, Ecuador, during the growth and fattening stages. The sow meal was obtained from the pig production area of the Faculty of Zootechnical Sciences. A Completely Random Design (DCA) was used, for the interpretation of the results the analysis of variance (ANADEVA) will be carried out, with three treatments (5, 10 and 15%) and a control. The productive parameters initial weight, weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, carcass yield and cost-benefit ratio were evaluated. The results of the analysis of variance showed significant effects (p<0.05) when including 15% of sow meal in the finishing stage, reaching a weight of 2389 g, weight gain of 20.97 g/day, feed conversion of 3.94 g/g. However, during the growth stage, the results did not show statistical differences between the average values of the parameters weight, feed intake and feed conversion, while weight gain was significant (p<0.05) with the other parameters. Carcass yield (%) was not significant (p>0.05) with values ranging from 59.82 to 60.17%. The economic performance was better in the T3 treatment, reaching averages of $1.19 (for every dollar invested, nineteen cents of profit). It is concluded that the inclusion of bristle meal showed a better performance in the productive behavior of rabbits of the New Zealand breed.
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ItemDISEÑO DE UN SISTEMA INFORMÁTICO PARA EL CONTROL Y GESTIÓN DE PRÉSTAMOS DE LIBROS EN LA BIBLIOTECA DE LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ZOOTÉCNICAS DE LA UNIVERSIDAD TÉCNCIA DE MANABÍ EN EL SEMESTRE DE ABRIL A SEPTIEMBRE DEL AÑO 2013.(INGENIERO EN INFORMÁTICA AGROPECUARIA, 2013) ACOSTA ZAMBRANO JOSÉ GEOVANNY ; SANTOS VÉLEZ ANDRÉS LEONEL ; VERA SALTOS DIXON GABRIEL ; ZAMBRANO MOREIRA EMILIO GREGORIOSUMMARY. From twenty-first century political, economic, social, cultural and technological changes have been around the world in the development of new projects, new ideas that capture the mind of man. This work is focused on the needs in Technical University of Manabí, Zootechnical Sciences Faculty. According to the requirements found in the student community according to the respective diagnosis provided about what is a computer system for the faculty’s library, students, librarians and other relevant authorities. Surveys applied to the students by the graduates of the Technical University of Manabí, encouraged the basic knowledge in the students on the management and use of the Zootechnical Sciences Faculty’s library. Therefore, in the following pages reflect the results gotten of this activity which contributed much to the development in researching growth of students.
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ItemEFECTO DE LA RAZA SOBRE LA PRODUCCIÓN Y CALIDAD ESPERMÁTICA DE VERRACOS ( SUSSCROFA DOMESTICUS ) EN LA FACULTAD DE CEINCIAS ZOOTÉCNICAS DEL CANTÓN CHONE-ECUADOR.(INGENIERO ZOOTECNISTA, 2022) PLUAS VARGAS ERICK FERNANDO ; PULIDO LOOR JORGE HORACIOThe porcine species is one of the species that reaches the highest population increases due to the number of offspring per birth and births per year; thus having high productivity. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the breed on the production and sperm quality of boars (Sus scrofa domesticus) in the Faculty of Zootechnical Sciences of the Chone canton, Ecuador. To contribute to genetic improvement and provide livestock technical knowledge carried out in a sperm evaluation system for stallions used in swine reproduction. A completely randomized experimental design with a factorial treatment arrangement was used: four breeds of breeding pigs (Pietrain, Duroc, Belgian and Landrace) between 8 and 9 months, average weight 120 kg and two concentrations of semen (pure and diluted). In 500 mL glass containers and with a funnel covered with a sterile gauze filter (separate solid and liquid fraction), the seminal sample was collected, immediately transferred to the laboratory and placed in a water bath at 36 ºC. For the macroscopic evaluation of the semen, the volume, color, odor and pH were determined, and in the microscopic agglutination, motility and sperm motility. The microbiological content of the ejaculate was determined by counting the colonies present. Results of macroscopic quality showed a higher ejaculate in the Pietrain breed, however in the parameters temperature, color, odor and pH no statistical differences were found. In the microscopic parameters, the Duroc breed showed greater motility and sperm concentration. The bacteriological quality shows the absence of Escherichia coli on the ejaculate of the pigs. In conclusion, the breed did not show a greater incidence on the sperm quality of the boars, which allowed guaranteeing semen with high genetic and sanitary value.
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ItemEFECTO DE LA RAZA SOBRE LA PRODUCCIÓN Y CALIDAD ESPERMÁTICA DE VERRACOS (SUS SCROFA DOMESTICUS) EN LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ZOOTÉCNICAS DEL CANTÓN CHONE, ECUADOR(INGENIERO ZOOTECNISTA, 2022) PLUAS VARGAS ERICK FERNANDO ; PULIDO LOOR JORGE HORACIOThe porcine species is one of the species that reachesthehighestpopulationincreasesdue to the number of offspring perbirthandbirthsperyear;thushavinghighproductivity.The objective was to evaluate the effect of the breed on the production and sperm quality of boars(Susscrofadomesticus)intheFacultyofZootechnicalSciencesoftheChonecanton, Ecuador. To contribute to genetic improvement andprovidelivestocktechnicalknowledge carried out in a sperm evaluation system for stallions used in swine reproduction. A completely randomized experimental design with a factorial treatment arrangement was used: four breeds of breeding pigs (Pietrain, Duroc, Belgian and Landrace)between8and 9 months, average weight 120 kg and two concentrations of semen (pure and diluted). In 500 mL glass containers and with a funnel covered with a sterile gauze filter (separate solid and liquid fraction), theseminalsamplewascollected,immediatelytransferredtothe laboratory and placed in a water bath at 36 ºC. For the macroscopic evaluation of the semen, the volume, color, odor and pH were determined, and in the microscopic agglutination, motility and sperm motility. The microbiological content of the ejaculate was determined by counting thecoloniespresent.Resultsofmacroscopicqualityshoweda higher ejaculate in the Pietrain breed, however in the parameters temperature, color, odor and pH no statistical differences were found. In the microscopic parameters, the Duroc breed showed greater motility and sperm concentration. The bacteriologicalqualityshows the absenceofEscherichiacoliontheejaculateofthepigs.Inconclusion,thebreeddidnot show a greater incidence on the sperm quality of the boars, which allowed guaranteeing semen with high genetic and sanitary value.
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ItemEFECTO DE LA RAZA SOBRE LA PRODUCCIÓN Y CALIDAD ESPERMÁTICA DE VERRACOS (SUS SCROFA DOMESTICUS) EN LA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ZOOTÉCNICAS DEL CANTÓN CHONE, ECUADOR.(INGENIERO ZOOTECNISTA, 2022) PLUAS VARGAS ERICK FERNANDO ; PULIDO LOOR JORGE HORACIOThe porcine species is one of the species that reachesthehighestpopulationincreasesdue to the number of offspring perbirthandbirthsperyear;thushavinghighproductivity.The objective was to evaluate the effect of the breed on the production and sperm quality of boars(Susscrofadomesticus)intheFacultyofZootechnicalSciencesoftheChonecanton, Ecuador. To contribute to genetic improvement andprovidelivestocktechnicalknowledge carried out in a sperm evaluation system for stallions used in swine reproduction. A completely randomized experimental design with a factorial treatment arrangement was used: four breeds of breeding pigs (Pietrain, Duroc, Belgian and Landrace)between8and 9 months, average weight 120 kg and two concentrations of semen (pure and diluted). In 500 mL glass containers and with a funnel covered with a sterile gauze filter (separate solid and liquid fraction), theseminalsamplewascollected,immediatelytransferredtothe laboratory and placed in a water bath at 36 ºC. For the macroscopic evaluation of the semen, the volume, color, odor and pH were determined, and in the microscopic agglutination, motility and sperm motility. The microbiological content of the ejaculate was determined by counting thecoloniespresent.Resultsofmacroscopicqualityshoweda higher ejaculate in the Pietrain breed, however in the parameters temperature, color, odor and pH no statistical differences were found. In the microscopic parameters, the Duroc breed showed greater motility and sperm concentration. The bacteriologicalqualityshows the absenceofEscherichiacoliontheejaculateofthepigs.Inconclusion,thebreeddidnot show a greater incidence on the sperm quality of the boars, which allowed guaranteeing semen with high genetic and sanitary value.
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ItemEFECTO DE TRES HENOS SOBRE INDICADORES PRODUCTIVOS Y EL DESARROLLO DEL ESTÓMAGO EN TERRENOS MESTIZOS EN EL TRÓPICO.(INGENIERO ZOOTECNISTA, 2021) MENDOZA LOOR OSCAR MANUEL ; INTRIAGO ZAMBRANO HENRY XAVIERAn investigation was developed on the rearing of lactating calves fed with Golden Button hay, Tithonia diversifolia, previously selected with the aim of evaluating the productive indicators and stomach development in lactating calves fed with Golden Button hay. The calves from The same stable, 1-3 days old, underwent a 15-day adaptation stage where they were subjected to a standard diet of milk substitute 4 liters / day and pre-initial concentrate and Tithonia diversifolia hay; Medicago sativa and Pannicum maximum vc Bombasa at will. The experimental design used for the productive variables was completely randomized blocks. DM consumption (kg-1), with values from 0.32 to 1.72; 0.35 to 2.73 and 0.33 to 2.13 for Buttercup hay, Alfalfa and Mombasa grass, respectively. The weight increase by treatments ranged from 0.33 at 30 days to 0.92 at 15 days for Button de Oro; 0.43 at 30 days to 0.83 at 90 days for Alfalfa and at 0.30 at 30 days to 0.56 (Kg 1) at 90 days for Mombasa grass. The development of the different stomach cavities does not exist difference p <0.05, between the treatments studied for the two periods 45 and 90 days. The use of Gold Button demonstrated the physiological and economic feasibility as a protein and NDF supplement, for young developing bovines, favorable results in conversion index, acceptable weight gains and adequate live weight increases.
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ItemEFECTO DEL USO DE PROBIÓTICOS Enterococcus Faeoium Y Lactobacillus sp EN LA BEBIDA SOBRE LA VELLOSIDADES INTESTINALES DEL CONEJO ( Oryctolagus cuniculus )(INGENIERO ZOOTECNISTA, 2019) CHAVARRÍA OLMEDO RAMIRO STALYN ; RODRÍGUEZ CEDEÑO MARÍA JOSÉIn rabbit production, one of the main approaches has focused on maintaining the health and safety of the animals during the breeding stages, this in order to improve the yields in the productive variables of the rabbits. The research was carried out at the Faculty of Zootechnical Sciences, Chone extension of the Technical University of Manabí with the objective of evaluating the effect of two probiotics on intestinal villi, 36 rabbits of the New Zealand breed were selected, weaned with 35 to 42 days of age. age, which were housed individually and randomly distributed in three groups of 12 rabbits each, T0: Control (0), T1: 12 gr of Lactiferm / 4lt / day, T2: 12 gr of Lactopharm / 4lt / day. At the end of the fattening period (40 days), they were sacrificed, taking samples directly from the jejunum, duodenum and ilium. For the histological sections, the paraffin embedding technique and hematoxylin & eosin staining were used. The images obtained were processed in the AmScope program, obtaining measurements of the height, width and density of intestinal villi at 4x. The analysis of the results was carried out by means of the statistical program InfoStat where a one-way ANOVA analysis of variance will be used applying the Tukey multiple comparisons test with a 95% confidence interval. The results of the height of the villi of the ilium, jejunum and duodenum did not show significant differences between each of the treatments. For the variable width of the villi, the results of the Ilium were different in treatment T1 with the other treatments, while for the variables jejunum and duodenum the results were not significant. The population of the villi in the Ilium was not significant between treatments, while for the jejunum and duodenum the results were significant in the control treatment with the other treatments. The results of the morphometric analysis of intestinal villi of rabbits in the parameters height, width and density show that the coefficients of variation are close to the homogeneity of each of the data obtained, while when evaluating these same variables and compared between Treatments show significant behavior in height between TO treatment with T1 and T2 treatments. While for width and density these were not significant.
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ItemEVALUACIÓN DE TRES DILUYENTES COMERCIALES PARA LA CONSERVACIÓN DE SEMEN PORCINO.(INGENIERÍA ZOOTÉCNICA, 2022) ANDRADE LOOR KARINA ANNABELL ; SAN ANDRÉS MENDOZA MARÍA JOSEPork production in Ecuador is considered as one of the activities developed with the purpose of generating the economic sustenance of various producers dedicated to this activity. The research was carried out on the premises of the Swine Production Laboratory of the Faculty of Zootechnical Sciences with the objective of determining the conservation capacity of pig semen from four breeds of pigs by using three commercial extenders. For this, ejaculates from pigs of the Landrace, Pietrain, Duroc and Belgian breeds were used, which were placed in three types of extenders Kubus, Minitube and Vim. A preparation of the extenders was carried out with deionized water to subsequently dilute the semen. Sperm survival was evaluated during 6, 9 and 12 days of storage at a temperature of 16°C. Macroscopic characteristics such as volume, color, odor and pH and microscopic characteristics such as concentration, motility and mortality of pig ejaculate were analyzed. The results of the macroscopic characterization showed that the ejaculates presented a milky white color, odor with sui generis characteristics and pH with ranges from 7.10 to 7.36 up to 6 days. The microscopic evaluation of the ejaculates showed a greater conservation effect with the use of the Minitube diluent, due to the fact that a greater efficiency was observed on 6 days in the agglutination, sperm motility, sperm concentration and viability parameters, while for days 9 and 12 found a lower efficiency in the diluents. The cost-benefit ratio was higher in the Vim and Kubus diluents with a value of $1.59, however, its conservation efficiency was lower compared to the Minitube diluent, which presented a cost-benefit ratio of $1.58. It is concluded that the Minitube diluent presented a greater conservation effect.
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ItemEVALUACIÓN DE UN SISTEMA SILVOPASTORIL ( SSP ) EN EL CANTÓN CHONE.(INGENIERO ZOOTECNISTA, 2022) ARROYO ESMERALDAS ANIBAL FERNANDO ; MENDOZA ZAMBRANO ROBERTO IVANThe objective of this research was to evaluate the agronomic behavior, the nutritional content of Savoy Grass (Panicum maximum), Mombasa Grass (Megathyrsus maximum) and the botanical composition of the system during the rainy and dry seasons of the year. This research was carried out at the Hacienda San Pascasio, owner Econ. Jorge Flores de Valgas, located at the Baren site-kilometer 11.5 via Chone – Colorado – Balzar, Boyacá parish in the Chone canton, whose coordinates are S 0º36'24” W80º05 '37” with an altitude of 32 meters above sea level, at an average temperature of 29.1ºC, annual rainfall of 800 mm and a relative humidity of 78%, in an area of 78.39 Ha of which 68.62% is irregular terrain with slope of 50º and 31.38% belonging to flat land. For this study, agronomic, bromatological and botanical composition variables were considered, the applied methodology allowed the use of a completely random design, taking 5 samples at 5 different points in each of the 51 farm paddocks, during the two seasons of the year giving a total of 510 samples to determine the agronomic variables, later 15 samples taken in the summer time and 15 samples taken in the winter time were chosen randomly, giving a total of 30 samples to carry out the nutritional composition by means of bromatological analysis, Regarding the botanical composition, it was carried out using the method by counting individuals where 5 random samples were taken in the 51 paddocks throughout the year giving a total of 255 samples, prior to this they were identified and a count was made of each species that made up a sample including grass, each sample constituted an experimental unit. The results showed that the best performance during the year was obtained by Mombasa grass (Megathyrsus maximum) in terms of the agronomic variable Height of the Plant whose data is 149.72 cm, while during the dry season, Savoy grass (Panicum maximum) obtained the best result in the Stem Diameter variable with 1.07 cm, while for Plant Height it was Mombasa grass (Megathyrsus maximum) with a value of 151.27 cm, it can be seen that these grasses have moderately similar values. During the rainy season, as well as in the dry season, Mombasa grass (Megathyrsus maximum) stands out in Plant Height 148.16 cm, and in the Variable Number of plants with a value of 42.83, while the grass Savoy (Panicum maximum) presents lower values. In the bromatological results, the Savoy grass (Panicum maximum) reflects a better value during the year in terms of the Dry Matter variable 22.72, as well as in the FDN variable 69.54. During the year, the Mombasa Pasture (Megathyrsus maximum) stands out in the Dry Matter with a value of 20.59, as well as the Variable FDN 75.27. During the winter and summer season, both Pasture reflect similar values related to nutritional content. Regarding the Botanical composition associated with the area with Savoy Grass (Panicum maximum) this represented 55.70% while Mombasa Grass (Megathyrsus maximum) 46.15%.
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ItemEVALUACIÓN DE UNA DIETA BALANCEADA ALTERNATIVA A BASE DE HARINA NACEDERO (Trichanthera Gigantea) Y SU EFICACIA EN LOS PARÁMETROS PRODUCTIVOS DE POLLOS DE ENGORDE(INGENIERO ZOOTECNISTA, 2022) RODRIGUEZ TRIVIÑO MARÍA JOSÉ ; VÉLEZ ANZULES PAOLA DEYANIRAThe incorporation of new food alternatives in diets for feeding broilers has become one of the challenges that have been integrated into this production system. The research was developed with the objective of evaluating the productive performance of broilers fed with the inclusion of different levels of Nacedero (Trichanthera gigantea). A completely randomized statistical design was used with a total of four treatments where 5, 10 and 15% of the flour was replaced by commercial balanced feed and a control treatment (commercial balanced feed). The productive parameters initial weight, weekly weight, weekly weight gain, weekly feed intake, weekly feed conversion and the benefit-cost ratio of each treatment were evaluated. The data was analyzed using the InfoStat program. The results of the final weight reached a better performance in the T0 and T1 treatments with a total of 2497.63 g and 2457.97 g, being statistically different from those obtained in the T2 and T3 treatments. In the same way, statistical differences (p<0.05) were found in the weight gain and feed conversion of the treatments under study, finding a better performance in T0 and T1. The economic profitability presented a decrease when increasing the concentration of the flour, reaching a value of $0.95 in the T3 treatment, well below those documented in the control treatment with a value of $1.12. It is concluded that the inclusion of hatcher meal (Trichanthera gigantea) can be added up to 5% in the feeding of broilers since it negatively influences the productive performance.
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ItemEVALUACIÓN DE UNA DIETA BALANCEADA ALTERNATIVA A BASE DE HARINA NACEDERO (Trichanthera Gigantea) Y SU EFICACIA EN LOS PARÁMETROS PRODUCTIVOS DE POLLOS DE ENGORDE.(INGENIERO ZOOTECNISTA, 2022) RODRIGUEZ TRIVIÑO MARÍA JOSÉ ; VÉLEZ ANZULES PAOLA DEYANIRAThe incorporation of new food alternatives in diets for feeding broilers has become one of the challenges that have been integrated into this production system. The research was developed with the objective of evaluating the productive performance of broilers fed with the inclusion of different levels of Nacedero (Trichanthera gigantea). A completely randomized statistical design was used with a total of four treatments where 5, 10 and 15% of the flour was replaced by commercial balanced feed and a control treatment (commercial balanced feed). The productive parameters initial weight, weekly weight, weekly weight gain, weekly feed intake, weekly feed conversion and the benefit-cost ratio of each treatment were evaluated. The data was analyzed using the InfoStat program. The results of the final weight reached a better performance in the T0 and T1 treatments with a total of 2497.63 g and 2457.97 g, being statistically different from those obtained in the T2 and T3 treatments. In the same way, statistical differences (p<0.05) were found in the weight gain and feed conversion of the treatments under study, finding a better performance in T0 and T1. The economic profitability presented a decrease when increasing the concentration of the flour, reaching a value of $0.95 in the T3 treatment, well below those documented in the control treatment with a value of $1.12. It is concluded that the inclusion of hatcher meal (Trichanthera gigantea) can be added up to 5% in the feeding of broilers since it negatively influences the productive performance.