Ingeniero Agronomo

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    Comportamiento agronómico de dos variedades de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) con diferentes dosis de solución nutritiva, bajo hidroponía
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2023) Bazurto Moreira, Adonis Geovany ; Pin Suárez, Kevin Leonardo ; " " ; " "
    Hydroponics is a technique that allows to produce plants without the use of soil, and is considered an alternative method in horticultural production since it has proven to be a feasible option to avoid the inconvenience with soil erosion caused by inadequate agriculture and the use of chemicals. The research aimed to evaluate the agronomic behavior of two varieties of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) var. Crespa and var. Capitata with different doses of nutrient solution, under a hydroponic nutrient film system (NFT). A completely random design with bifactorial arrangement (2X4) was used, studying two varieties of lettuce (Crespa and Capitata) for four doses of nutritional solution (DS 1: 1.0 ml/L, DS 2: 1.5 ml/L, DS 3: 2.0 ml/L, DS 4: 2.5 ml/L), totaling 8 treatments.
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    Comportamiento de dos genotipos de algodón (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ante el déficit hídrico durante la fase de floración
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2023) Salavarria Bravo, Lady Jamileth ; " " ; " "
    Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the most important non-food agricultural crop in the world, being the main natural fiber planted. However, both the development and the productivity of this crop are severely affected by the restriction in the water supply. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of two cotton genotypes (Cocker 310 and DP Alcala 90) in the face of water deficit during the flowering phase. This research was carried out in a shade house, where the two genotypes grew with an irrigation sheet of 16 L/m2 per day, until 30 days after sowing; from that moment part of the plants of each genotype were subjected to water deficit by suspending irrigation during the entire flowering phase, leaving in parallel a control treatment that continued to be irrigated with the already indicated sheet. Thirty days after the start of the water deficit period, the following variables were determined: stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves, number of flower buds, number of flowers, root depth, root volume, dry weight of root, stem, leaves and flowers, root/shoot ratio, leaf area, chlorophyll index and relative water content. The results obtained showed that all the variables determined were reduced under the condition of water deficit, in relation to the control treatment, this behavior being more accentuated in the Cocker 310 variety, except for the root depth, the root/shoot ratio and the relative content of chlorophyll in the leaf, since the value of these three variables increased with water stress in both genotypes. The results obtained suggest that the flowering phase is quite sensitive to water deficit, with the DP Alcala 90 variety being the one that was less affected by the water deficit condition.
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    Comportamiento de plagas y enfermedade en el cultivo de Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) y Citrus latifolia (Tanaka) en Latinoamérica y Ecuador.
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022) Mero Casanova, Valeria Guadalupe ; Quijije Muñoz, María Angélica ; " " ; " "
    THE MEXICAN LEMON, CITRUS AURANTIIFOLIA, AND THE TAHITI LIME, CITRUS LATIFOLIA ARE IMPORTANT CITRUS FRUITS DUE TO THEIR DEMAND AS FRESH OR PROCESSED PRODUCTS. LATIN AMERICA PRODUCES 35% OF THE LIMES AND LEMONS CONSUMED IN THE WORLD. ITS CULTIVATION COULD BE AFFECTED BY EXOTIC AND NATIVE PHY-TOSANITARY PROBLEMS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS RESEARCH WAS TO ANALYZE THE OCCURRENCE AND IMPACT OF DISEASES AND PESTS IN C. AURANTIIFOLIA AND C. LATIFOLIA IN LATIN AMERICA. A REVIEW WAS CARRIED OUT IN DIFFERENT DATABASES, SUCH AS ACADEMIC GOOGLE, FAO AND EPPO. THE MAIN BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL DISEASES REPORTED ARE: CANKER CAUSED BY XANTHOMONAS CITRI SSP. CITRI, AN-THRACNOSE DUE TO COLLETOTRICHUM GLOEOSPORIOIDES AND COLLETOTRICHUM ACUTATUM AND GUMMOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH, PHYTOPHTHORA PARASITICA. AMONG THE VIROSIS, THE LEPROSIS VIRUS AND THE CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS, TRANSMITTED BY MITES, BREVIPALPUS SPP. AND TOXOPTERA CITRICIDA, RESPECTIVELY. PHYLLOCNISTIS CITRELLA IS CONSIDERED A PRIMARY PEST THAT BUILDS GALLERIES IN THE LEAVES, DEFORMING THEM AND AFFECTING THEIR DEVELOPMENT. THIRTY ONE TAXA OF COCCOIDEA AND FIVE OF WHITEFLIES (ALEYRODIDAE) WERE REPORTED. HOWEVER, THE MOST RELEVANT PHYTOSANITARY PROBLEM IS HUANGLONGBING (HLB) DE-TECTED IN THE AMERICAS IN BRAZIL IN 2004. IT IS CAUSED BY THE BACTERIA CANDI-DATUS LIBERIBACTER SPP. AND TRANSMITTED BY DIAPHORINA CITRI. THE PRODUCTION OF LIMES AND LEMONS IN LATIN AMERICA HAS FACED CHALLENGES IN DISEASE AND PEST MANAGEMENT. WHILE TECHNOLOGIES ARE GENERATED TO REDUCE THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY HLB AND OTHER PHYTOSANITARY PROBLEMS, CITRUS GROWERS MUST UNDERTAKE STRATEGIES THAT ALLOW THEM TO MANAGE THEM RATIONALLY AND AT THE SAME TIME MAINTAIN PRODUCTION LEVELS.
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    Crecimiento de dos híbridos de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) en condiciones de campo abierto y macro túnel
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2023) Torres Ubillús, Samuel Moisés ; " " ; " "
    The present investigative work was carried out on the premises of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering in Lodana, Santa Ana parish and the objective was to evaluate the growth behavior of two pepper hybrids (Capsicum annuum L.) under macro tunnel conditions and in the field. open, evaluating morphological parameters and chlorophyll content. The methodology used is the completely randomized experimental design (DCA), as a process four treatments and four repetitions were used with the two hybrids of pepper, where growth under macro tunnel conditions and in the open field. The variables stem height and diameter, number, length and width of leaves and the chlorophyll index were evaluated. The results obtained in morphological parameters (plant height, active leaves, stem diameter and chlorophyll content) show that the Quetzal cultivar showed the highest values in the three evaluation moments under macro tunnel conditions.
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    Determinación de las especies de trips asociadas al cultivo de cebolla (Allium cepa L.) y sus daños en el sitio la Papaya del cantón Rocafuerte
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-08) Granillo Cárdenas, Evelyng Alexandra ; Novoa Flores, Xiomara Michelle ; " " ; " "
    THE ONION (ALLIUM CEPA L. ) IS A CROP HIGHLY APPRECIATED FOR ITS ECONOMIC, COMMERCIAL AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE, SINCE IT IS USED IN MULTIPLE INDUSTRIES, BEING THE SECOND MOST IMPORTANT FOOD WORLDWIDE AND NATIONALLY AFTER TOMATO, THIS BEING VULNERABLE PRESENTS PHYTOSANITARY PROBLEMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT STAGES, IS INVADED BY VARIOUS INSECT PESTS SUCH AS THRIPS THAT CAUSE DAMAGE TO PLANTS AS THEY ARE TRANSMITTERS OF VIRUSES AND WHEN FEEDING LEAVE A KIND OF SCRAPING ON THE SURFACE OF LEAVES AND STEMS, WHICH IS SUBSEQUENTLY THE ENTRY OF OTHER PATHOGENS TO THE PLANT. THEREFORE, THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO DETERMINE THE THRIPS SPECIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE ONION CROP (ALLIUM CEPA L.) AND THEIR DAMAGE AT THE PAPAYA SITE IN THE ROCAFUERTE CANTON. THRIPS POPULATIONS WERE EVALUATED IN 5 DIFFERENT ONION PLOTS 34 DAYS AFTER BEING TRANSPLANTED, IN THE MONTHS OF JULY-SEPTEMBER 2021, INDIVIDUALS WERE COLLECTED USING A WET BRUSH AND PLACED IN MINI VIALS WITH 70% ALCOHOL, THEN SUBJECTED TO CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUES OF CLARIFICATION AND MOUNTING ON SLIDES AND THE DICHOTOMOUS KEY OF LUCID WAS USED, THE RESULTS SHOWED THE PRESENCE OF THRIPS TABACI L, AS THE ONLY SPECIES IN THE ONION CROP; THRIPS POPULATIONS WERE HIGHER IN PLOTS 4 AND 5 IN JULY AND EARLY AUGUST, WHILE THEY WERE LOWER IN PLOT 3. THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF THRIPS PER PLANT FROM JULY TO SEPTEMBER WAS 15.82, WHERE THE HIGHEST POPULATION WAS RECORDED IN JULY AND AUGUST; FOR THE PERCENTAGE OF DAMAGE, NO DIFFERENCES WERE FOUND, SINCE THE 5 PLOTS WERE AT A LOW MAGNITUDE, WITH GRADE 1 DAMAGE. HIGH TEMPERATURES AND LOW RELATIVE HUMIDITY FAVORED THE DEVELOPMENT OF THRIPS; ON THE OTHER HAND, THESE DECREASED WITH INCREASING CROP AGE.
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    Diferencias en la producción de combinaciones patrones-injertos de cacao (Theobroma cacao L.).
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-09) Arteaga Loor, Erick Alexander ; Zambrano Ganchozo, Leonardo Andrés ; " " ; " "
    DUE TO THE NUMEROUS VARIABLES INVOLVED IN THE PATTERN-GRAFT INTERACTION AND THE COMPLEXITY OF THEIR FIELD EVALUATION, THIS THESIS ATTEMPT TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION IN PRACTICAL TERMS TO BE USED BY PRODUCERS. IS IT POSSIBLE TO HAVE ONE OR SEVERAL PATTERNS THAT, DUE TO THEIR CHARACTERISTICS, CAN BE USED WITH A LARGE NUMBER OF GRAFTS OR CLONES?. IT IS POSSIBLE TO SELECT ONE OR SEVERAL COMBINATIONS TO BE USED DUE TO ITS HIGH PRODUCTION IN THIS STUDY, THE COMPARISON OF THE TWENTY FOUR PATTERN-GRAFT COMBINATIONS UNDER A MONOCULTURE SYSTEM ALLOWS US TO DETERMINE WHICH COMBINATION IS BETTER IN TERMS OF PRODUCTION TO BE RECOMMENDED TO FARMERS DEDICATED TO THE PRODUCTION OF COCOA, THUS IMPROVING THEIR PROFITABILITY , QUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY, WHICH THIS WOULD GIVE ECUADOR THE FIRST STEPS IN THE STUDY OF THE PATTERN-GRAFT INTERACTION OF WHAT LITTLE IS KNOWN ABOUT COCOA.
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    Dinámica poblacional del chinche patón (Leptoglossus zonatus) en el cultivo de la pitahaya roja (Hylocereus undatus (How.) Britton and Rose), en los cantones Rocafuerte y Santa Ana-Manabí-Ecuador.
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-09) Sornoza Vinces, Julexy Nicole ; Alcívar Gorozabel, José Luis ; " " ; " "
    DUE TO THE POTENTIAL THAT L. ZONATUS HAS TO BECOME A KEY PEST IN THE CULTIVATION OF RED PITAHAYA (H. UNDATUS) IN ECUADOR, AS IT IS IN SEVERAL AGRICULTURAL CROPS IN AMERICA, AND BECAUSE IN THIS COUNTRY THERE ARE NO STUDIES ON THE POPULATION FLUCTUATION OF THE INSECT AND ITS NATURAL ENEMIES DEPENDING ON TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE HUMIDITY, THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS WORK WAS TO DETERMINE THE POPULATION DYNAMICS OF THE PATÓN BUG (LEPTOGLOSSUS ZONATUS) IN THE CULTIVATION OF RED PITAHAYA (HYLOCEREUS UNDATUS) IN TWO DIFFERENT AGROECOLOGICAL ZONES, AND TO YOUR MAY THIS RESEARCH SERVE AS A BASIS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH.
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    “Efecto de la aplicación de torta de piñón (Jatropha curcas L.) en diferentes dosis sobre el desarrollo y producción de fréjol caupí (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)”
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2023) Medranda Mendoza, Angel Agustin ; Vega Lucas, Yandri Alexander ; " " ; " "
    Cowpea is of economic and nutritional importance. It is generally managed by chemical fertilization; however, its intensive use leads to environmental and health problems and higher production costs. On the other hand, there are fertilizers of organic origin, such as physic nut seed cake, which contribute to the growth and development of the crop, allowing for sustainable agriculture. This research was carried out at the experimental campus La Teodomira of the Technical University of Manabi. The objective was to evaluate the effect of pine nut cake in different doses on the development and production of cowpea bean. A Completely Randomized Block Design (CSBD) was used, and the following treatments were studied based on the phosphorus content present in the pine nut cake (0.5% P): T1 (0 kg P/ha), T2 (20 kg P/ha), T3 (50 kg P/ha), T4 (100 kg P/ha), T5 (chemical fertilizer ¨Yaramila complex¨); T1 (0 g/plant tort. Jatropha), T2 (27.22 g/plant tort. Jatropha), T3 (68.06 g/plant tort. Jatropha), T4(136.12 g/plant tort. Jatropha), T5(1.88 g/plant tort. Jatropha). The variables studied were plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), number of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry matter, number of nodules, root volume, pod length, pod width, number of pods per plant, weight of dry pods, seeds per pod, weight of 100 seeds, yield, relative SPAD chlorophyll content, percentage of leaf N, P and K, leaf chlorophyll index (SPAD). In the agronomic variables and In the agronomic variables and in the productive behavior of cowpea in response to the application of pine nut cake at different doses, the best responses were obtained in the treatment with 20 kg P ha-1.
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    Efecto de la temperatura en la fruta de limón sutil (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) almacenado en distintos periodos de tiempo.
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-09) Cedeño Guaranda,Fanny Estefanía ; Mieles Macias, Dayana Elizabeth ; " " ; " "
    CITRUS FRUITS ARE FRUIT TREES THAT OCCUPY AN OUTSTANDING PLACE COMPARED TO OTHER FRUIT TREES, DUE TO THEIR ECONOMIC AND NUTRITIONAL VALUE, THEY ARE GROWN IN MORE THAN 140 COUNTRIES, PRIMARILY IN TROPICAL AND SUBTROPICAL AREAS. IN THE LEMON, THE QUALITY OF THE FRUIT PLAYS A FUNDAMENTAL ROLE AT THE MOMENT OF COMMERCIALIZATION, FOR THIS REASON THE METHODS FOR ITS CONSERVATION AND STORAGE MUST BE CORRECTLY EXECUTED. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS RESEARCH IS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT TEMPERATURE RANGES ON THE SUBTLE LEMON FRUIT (CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA SWINGLE) STORED IN DIFFERENT PERIODS OF TIME, IN TWO LOCATIONS IN THE PROVINCE OF MANABÍ. IN THE PRESENT INVESTIGATION, A RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN (DBCA) WAS USED, IN A 4X3 FACTORIAL ARRANGEMENT, GIVING 4 TEMPERATURE LEVELS (10, 12, 14 AND 26°C-AMBIENT TEMPERATURE) AND 3 STORAGE PERIODS (9, 12 AND 15 DAYS) OF THE FRUIT. THIS DESIGN WAS USED IN TWO SITES (AYACUCHO AND CALCETA). WITH A TOTAL OF 12 TREATMENTS PER LOCATION WITH 4 REPETITIONS, GENERATING AS A RESULT 200 FRUITS FROM EACH EXPERIMENTAL UNIT, WITH A TOTAL OF 800 FRUITS PER LOCATION. AS A RESULT, IT WAS OBTAINED THAT THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGES OF SURVIVAL WERE OBTAINED IN FRUITS STORED AT 9 DAYS SUBJECTED TO TEMPERATURES OF 10, 12 AND 14°C, HIGHER TEMPERATURES (26 °C) CAUSED A LOWER PERCENTAGE OF SURVIVAL IN FRUITS, IN RELATION TO THE QUALITY VARIABLES OF THE SUBTLE LEMON, IT WAS OBSERVED THAT THE HIGHEST VALUES OCCURRED AFTER 9 DAYS OF STORAGE AT A TEMPERATURE OF 14°C.
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    Efecto de la tierra diatomea en la incidencia de Spodoptera frugiperda Smith. en el cultivo de maíz Zea mays L.
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-08) Córdova Moreira, Mariela Lizeth ; Vera García, Madelen Lisbeth ; " " ; " "
    THIS RESEARCH WAS CARRIED OUT ON THE PREMISES OF THE LAND OF THE FACULTY OF AGRONOMIC ENGINEERING OF THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MANABÍ LOCATED AT KM 14 OF THE VIA PORTOVIEJO – SANTA ANA, PROVINCE OF MANABÍ – ECUADOR LOCATED GEOGRAPHICALLY AT 01°09' SOUTH LATITUDE AND 80°21' WEST LONGITUDE WITH A HEIGHT OF 60 MASL. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS RESEARCH WORK WAS TO ESTABLISH THE EFFECT OF DIATOMEAN EARTH ON THE INCIDENCE OF SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA SMITH. IN CORN CULTIVATION Z. MAYS. THE TREATMENTS EVALUATED WERE DIATOMATIC EARTH AT DOSES OF 250 G AND 500 G, SPINETORAM AT 30 ML PER PLOT (100CC/HA) AND THE CONTROL. AN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN OF RANDOM COMPLETE BLOCKS WAS USED, A NON-PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE WAS CARRIED OUT, IN ADDITION TO A PAIRED T TEST, USING THE INSFOSTAT STATISTICAL PROGRAM VERSION 2020. WHERE DIATOMEAN EARTH (SILICON DIOXIDE) HAD EFFECTS ON THE CONTROL OF FALLWORM IN CORN CROPS, WHICH WAS SIMILAR TO THE CHEMICAL INSECTICIDE SPINETORAM, IN RELATION TO THE EVALUATED VARIABLES OF LEAF AND HEAD DAMAGE AND CONTROL OF THE INCIDENCE OF LARVAE. AND THE COST IN CONTROL OF S. FRUGIPERDA IN CORN CROPS WAS HIGHER WITH THE SPINETORAM TREATMENT REGARDING DIATOMEAN EARTH, IN THE DRY PERIOD. SO IT IS RECOMMENDED TO CONDUCT MORTALITY STUDIES OF SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA LARVAE, WITH TD UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS IN RAINY SEASONS, LABORATORY AND ITS EFFECT ON THE POPULATION OF BENEFICIAL INSECTS, ASSOCIATED WITH CORN CULTIVATION. BUT THE ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE OF DIATOMATIC EARTH TREATMENT IS RESCUED FOR THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH, SINCE IT IS AN ORGANIC PRODUCT.
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    EFECTOS DE LA FERTILIZACIÓN ORGÁNICA EN EL CULTIVO DE ALGODÓN (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM)
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-09) Díaz Gutiérrez, Jean Pierre ; Quila Bonoso, Khabir Marcelo ; " " ; " "
    COTTON IS A VERY DEMANDING PLANT AT A NUTRITIONAL LEVEL, FOR THIS REASON AN EFFECTIVE APPLICATION OF FERTILIZERS IS NEEDED. ORGANIC FERTILIZERS ARE A VIABLE ALTERNATIVE IN ORDER TO LOWER PRODUCTION COSTS AND COUNTERACT ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE. THE INCORPORATION OF ORGANIC MATTER TO THE COTTON CROP HAS OCCURRED IN RECENT YEARS PROVING TO BE EFFECTIVE AS WELL AS CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION, WHICH HAS BEEN ESPECIALLY PROVEN IN SMALL-SCALE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE OF THIS RESEARCH IT WAS TO EVALUATE, THROUGH A LITERATURE REVIEW, THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZATION IN COTTON CULTIVATION.
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    Empleo de alternativa orgánica para reducir el uso de fertilizantes químicos en la producción del cultivo de maíz en la parroquia Lodana del cantón Santa
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-10) Macías Vélez, Yessica Tatiana ; Ponce Pincay, Yaritza Stefania ; " " ; " "
    CORN IS ONE OF THE MAIN SHORT-CYCLE CROPS IN ECUADOR, AS IT IS USED FOR HUMAN AND ANIMAL CONSUMPTION. THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED AT THE TEODOMIRA EXPERIMENTAL CAMPUS OF THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING, WHERE THE MAIN OBJECTIVE WAS TO EVALUATE THE PRODUCTION OF CORN CROP UNDER COMPOST APPLICATION TO REDUCE THE USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS. THE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN USED WAS A COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN (CRBD) THREE REPLICATIONS, WITH 9 TREATMENTS PLUS A WITNESS, WHICH SERVED AS A REFERENCE TO CALCULATE THE AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCIES. THE STUDY FACTORS WERE FERTILIZER SOURCES (F1 = UREA + TRIPLE SUPER PHOSPHATE + POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; F2 = COMPOST + UREA + TRIPLE SUPER PHOSPHATE + POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; AND F3 = COMPOST + TRIPLE SUPER PHOSPHATE + POTASSIUM CHLORIDE) AND FERTILIZATION RATES (D1 = 66 - 23 - 60 KG NPK HA-1; D2 = 132 - 46 - 60 KG NPK HA-1; AND D3 = 198 - 69 - 90 KG NPK HA-1). THE VARIABLES EVALUATED WERE: EAR DIAMETER, EAR LENGTH, EAR FRESH WEIGHT, 100-SEED WEIGHT, YIELD, NPK AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCY, AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE BEST COST-BENEFIT RATIO IN CORN CROP PRODUCTION WAS OBTAINED WHEN CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION WITH UREA + TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE + POTASSIUM CHLORIDE WAS APPLIED AT AN AVERAGE FERTILIZATION RATE (132-46-60 KG NPK HA-1), HAVING A LOW PRODUCTION COST AND A HIGHER MARGINAL RATE OF RETURN. BY INCORPORATING ORGANIC MATTER IN THE FERTILIZATION SOURCES AND USING A LOWER DOSE, IT IS POSSIBLE TO OBTAIN HIGHER YIELDS IN THE INTERACTIONS, ALTHOUGH THIS TREATMENT DID NOT SHOW EFFICIENCY IN THE REST, ITS APPLICATION CAN BE RECOMMENDED, SINCE IT CONSIDERABLY IMPROVES THE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL.
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    Entomofauna Asociada a la Pitahaya Amarilla (Hylocereus megalanthus) (K.Schum. Ex Vaupel) Moran y Roja (Hylocereus undatus (Haw) Brit. & Rose, en la Parroquia Lodana del Cantón Santa Ana
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-09) Cedeño Pazmiño, Gema Julissa ; Avellán Vera, Marcos Anibal ; " " ; " "
    IN ECUADOR, THE SOWING OF THE PITAHAYA CROP HAS INCREASED IN RECENT YEARS, REACHING AN ESTIMATED 2,230 HECTARES IN 2021, THE YEAR IN WHICH 18,950 TONS OF FRUIT WERE EXPORTED TO THE UNITED STATES, HONG KONG AND SINGAPORE. THE MOST COMMERCIAL SPECIES OF PITAHAYA ARE OF THE GENUS HYLOCEREUS, WITH THE SPECIES H. UNDATUS, RED, AND H. MEGALANTHUS, YELLOW, HOWEVER THE LACK OF STUDIES IN THE HEALTH SECTOR IS ONE OF THE MAIN PROBLEMS OF THIS CROP, WHICH IS WHY IT WAS PROPOSED TO DETERMINE THE ENTOMOFAUNA PRESENT IN YELLOW PITAHAYA HYLOCEREUS MEGALANTHUS AND RED HYLOCEREUS UNDATUS, IN THE LODANA PARISH OF THE SANTA ANA CANTON, FOR THIS DIVERSITY INDICES SUCH AS: SIMPSON, SHANNON-WIENER AND PIELOU WERE USED. THE RESEARCH IS DESCRIPTIVE AND WAS CARRIED OUT IN TWO PHASES: THE FIELD PHASE WHERE THE COLLECTION AND CAPTURE OF THE INSECTS WAS CARRIED OUT, IN AN AREA OF 2,000 M², THE PLANTATIONS WERE BETWEEN 2.5 AND 4 YEARS OLD, 3 TYPES OF TRAPS: CHROMATIC, LIGHT AND PITFALL; THE LABORATORY PHASE WHERE THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE INSECTS IN ORDER, FAMILY AND SPECIES WAS CARRIED OUT, THIS WAS CARRIED OUT THROUGH TAXONOMIC KEYS, PROTOCOLS AND EQUIPMENT FROM THE MANTA AGROCALIDAD LABORATORY. REGARDING THE RESULTS, THE DIVERSITY INDICES YIELDED THE FOLLOWING VALUES: SIMPSON 0.7442-0.8939; SHANNON-WIENER 1.88-2.644; PIELOU 0.5995-0.8214, FOR YELLOW AND RED PITAHAYA, RESPECTIVELY. FOUR ORDERS WERE IDENTIFIED: COLEOPTERA, HEMIPTERA, HYMENOPTERA, FOR BOTH PITAHAYA SPECIES AND THYSANOPTERA WAS ONLY RECORDED IN RED PITAHAYA; IN ADDITION 23 TAXA WERE RECORDED FOR YELLOW PITAHAYA AND 25 FOR RED PITAHAYA. THE GREATEST DIVERSITY WAS EVIDENCED IN PITAHAYA ROJA, AS WELL AS THE GREATEST NUMBER OF TAXA. THE MOST ABUNDANT SPECIES WERE BRACHIACANTHA DARLENE WITH 258 INDIVIDUALS IN YELLOW PITAHAYA AND FRANKLINIELLA OCCIDENTALIS WITH 75 INDIVIDUALS IN RED PITAHAYA.
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    Entomofauna asociada al cultivo de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) bajo dos tipos de manejo en la parroquia Lodana, Santa Ana–Manabí
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-09) Villamar Cedeño, Gema Katherine ; Avellán Vera, Marcos Andy ; " " ; " "
    THE MISUSE OF SYNTHETIC INPUTS IS ONE OF THE MAIN PROBLEMS IN AGRICULTURE WORLDWIDE. IN ECUADOR, THE TOMATO CROP MAINTAINS GREAT PHYTOSANITARY PROBLEMS, THEREFORE, THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS WORK IS TO DETERMINE THE ENTOMOFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE TOMATO CROP (S. LYCOPERSICUM L.) UNDER TWO TYPES OF MANAGEMENT IN THE PARISH LODANA, SANTA ANA - MANABI, ONE OF THEM INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT (IPM) WHERE SYNTHETIC INPUTS CONSIDERED ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY WERE APPLIED AND THE OTHER WITH CONVENTIONAL MANAGEMENT (CM) WHERE SYNTHETIC INPUTS WERE APPLIED AS CARRIED OUT BY FARMERS IN THIS AREA. SPECIMENS WERE CAPTURED ONCE A WEEK THROUGH DIRECT AND INDIRECT EVALUATIONS. IDENTIFICATION WAS CARRIED OUT IN THE LABORATORY OF THE PHYTOSANITARY REGULATION AND CONTROL AGENCY (AGROCALIDAD). A TOTAL OF 1,165 INDIVIDUALS WERE OBSERVED IN BOTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, INCLUDING POLLINATORS, PARASITOIDS, PREDATORS AND PHYTOPHAGOUS, GROUPED INTO SIX ORDERS, 13 FAMILIES AND 14 SPECIES, OF WHICH 58% OF THE INSECTS CAPTURED WERE FOUND IN THE CROP UNDER IPM AND 48% IN THE CM. THE MOST REPRESENTATIVE FAMILIES IN BOTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS WERE BRACONIDAE, FORMICIDAE AND NITIDULIDAE. PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS (PCA) SHOWS THAT TRIALEURODES SP. IS ASSOCIATED WITH MC, WHILE APHIS CRACCIVORA, CONURA SP., HYPERASPIS FESTIVA AND THE FAMILY CHRYSOMELIDAE ARE ASSOCIATED WITH IPM. THE GENERA CONATELUS SP., DOLICHODERUS SP. AND COTESIA SP. HAVE NO DIRECT RELATIONSHIP WITH EITHER MANAGEMENT. ACCORDING TO SIMPSON'S INDEX, NONE OF THE SPECIES FOUND DOMINATE IN THE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS, HOWEVER, THEY PRESENT A HIGH SPECIES RICHNESS. SHANNON'S INDEX SUGGESTS THAT THERE IS MODERATE SPECIES DIVERSITY IN IPM COMPARED TO CM AND PIELOU'S INDEX INDICATES THAT IPM PRESENTS HIGH HOMOGENEITY. IT CAN BE CONCLUDED THAT THE ENTOMOFAUNA ASSOCIATED WITH THE TOMATO CROP UNDER TWO AGRONOMIC MANAGEMENT WERE THE FAMILIES CHRYSOMELIDAE, CURCULIONIDAE, CECIDOMYIIDAE AND THE SPECIES HYPERASPIS SP. CHEILOMENES SEXMACULATA, CONATELUS SP., COTESIA SP., CONURA SP., APIS MELLIFERA, DOLICHODERUS SP., APHIS CRACCIVORA, TRIALEURODES SP., AND THRIPS PLAMI.
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    “Escolítinos asociados en monocultivo y agro sistema de cacao en la cuenca media del río Portoviejo”
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-09) Demera Revelo, Carlos Javier ; Moreira Garcia, José Julian ; " " ; " "
    THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS RESEARCH WAS TO DETERMINE THE DIVERSITY OF BARK BEETLES IN MONOCULTURE AND COCOA AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS IN THE MIDDLE BASIN OF THE PORTOVIEJO RIVER. FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS RESEARCH, FARMS IN MONOCULTURE AND AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS WERE SELECTED BETWEEN THE TOWNS OF PACHINCHE, LODANA AND SANTA ANA, IN EACH CROP SEVEN TRAPS WITH ALCOHOL AS AN ATTRACTANT WERE INSTALLED, MAKING COLLECTIONS EVERY FIFTEEN DAYS, THE MATERIAL WAS IDENTIFIED BASED ON TAXONOMIC KEYS. DURING THE EVALUATION PERIOD, 8372 INDIVIDUALS WERE COLLECTED FROM THE FARMS UNDER EVALUATION, REPRESENTED BY GENERA CORRESPONDING TO FOUR TRIBES, CORTHYLINI, IPINI, XILEBORINI AND TRYPOPHLOEINI. THERE WAS NO DIFFERENCE IN THE ABUNDANCE OF INDIVIDUALS BETWEEN THE TWO SYSTEMS, BUT THERE WAS BETWEEN THE EVALUATED FARMS, BEING HIGHER IN THE COCOA AGROFORESTRY SYSTEM ASSOCIATED WITH INGA SPECIES. THIRTEEN SPECIES WERE FOUND IN EACH CULTURE SYSTEM, DIFFERING ONLY IN THE PRESENCE OF CRYPTOCARENUS SPECIES IN MONOCULTURE AND MONARTHRUM IN AGOSYSTEM. THE FLIGHT ACTIVITY, GIVEN BY THE CAPTURES MADE BY THE BARK BEETLES PRESENT IN THE COCOA CULTIVATION SYSTEMS, OCCURRED BOTH IN THE RAINY AND DRY SEASONS, BUT ITS GREATEST ACTIVITY OCCURRED IN THE DRY SEASON. THE DIVERSITY OF BARK BEETLES AMONG THE SYSTEMS UNDER STUDY WAS LOW, WITH A HIGH DOMINANCE BY THE HYPOTHENEMUS SPECIES, WHICH WAS THE MOST ABUNDANT IN BOTH THE MONOCULTURE AND AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS. THE SPECIES OF BARK BEETLES ASSOCIATED WITH COCOA CULTIVATION, BOTH IN MONOCULTURE AND AGROSYSTEM, ARE SIMILAR.
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    EVALUACIÓN DE LA TECNOLOGÍA DE RIEGO POR GOTEO UTILIZANDO LA MANGUERA UNIRAM EN EL CULTIVO DE CACAO, EN EL CAMPUS EXPERIMENTAL “LA TEODOMIRA” DE LA FIAG
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-10) Intriago Rezabala, Ernesto Eleuterio ; Muentes Cedeño, Darwin Vicente ; " " ; " "
    THE COCOA (THEOBROMA CACAO L), IS A PLANT CONSIDERED SENSITIVE TO WATER SCARCITY, ALTHOUGH YIELDS CAN BE AFFECTED BY EXCESS MOISTURE THAT OCCURS IN THE ROOT ZONE OF THE CROP, SO SOILS WITH GOOD DRAINAGE ARE NEEDED. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS RESEARCH WORK WAS TO EVALUATE THE AGRONOMIC AND HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS OF THE DRIP IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY WITH THE UNIRAM HOSE IN THE CULTIVATION OF COCOA IN THE EXPERIMENTAL CAMPUS "LA TEODOMIRA"; BELONGING TO THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING, LOCATED IN THE LODANA PARISH, SANTA ANA CANTON, MANABÍ PROVINCE, ECUADOR. THE RESEARCH WAS CARRIED OUT IN THE AREA OF THE PROJECT "DEVELOPMENT OF INTRASPECIFIC COCOA HYBRIDS FOR THE PROVINCE OF MANABÍ". THE IRRIGATION UNITS WERE SELECTED IN WHICH THE DETERMINATIONS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF THE WETTING CONE WERE MADE, FOR WHICH 16 SAMPLING SITES WERE SELECTED FOR EACH IRRIGATION SUBUNIT. IN THE SELECTED PLANTS, THE MOISTENING CONE WAS DETERMINED STARTING FROM EACH SELECTED PLANT FROM 0.50 TO 1.50 METERS FROM THE PLANT, FOR WHICH THE TDR 300 VOLUMETRIC HUMIDITY METER WAS USED. THE UNIFORMITY COEFFICIENT OF THE INSTALLED IRRIGATION SYSTEM, FOR WHICH 16 RAIN GAUGES WERE PLACED FOR EACH SAMPLED UNIT. THE COEFFICIENT WAS DETERMINED FROM THE 25% MEAN FLOW RATES AND THE TOTAL MEAN FLOW RATES. WITH THE RESULTS OF THE DETERMINATION OF THE BEHAVIOR OF THE IRRIGATION SYSTEM, THE PROPOSAL OF THE OPERATION PROGRAM OF THE IRRIGATION SYSTEM WAS MADE, FOR WHICH AN AVERAGE FLOW RATE OF THE DRIPPERS OF 1.88 L/H WAS OBTAINED, WITH A UNIFORMITY COEFFICIENT OF 97 %, DEMONSTRATING THAT THE UNIRAM HOSE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM GUARANTEES THE WATER REQUIREMENT OF THE COCOA CROP.
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    Evaluación de parámetros fisiológicos y crecimiento de variedades de maní (Arachis hypogaea L.) bajo tres láminas de riego
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2023) Bravo Alcivar, Maryeli Shirley ; Choez Reyes, María José ; " " ; " "
    The cultivation of peanuts is among the legumes an important production item in several provinces of Ecuador; however, its highest production is established during the dry season, subjecting the crop to constant states of water stress that could hinder its response to growth and physiological functions. This research was established with the objective of evaluating the physiological and growth parameters of peanut varieties under three layers of irrigation. The Rosita, Caramelo, Rayado and Negro varieties of peanuts were evaluated, establishing themselves as the ones with the greatest commercial use in the province of Manabí. During growth, the plots were established with water depths of 0.2 ET0, 0.5 ET0 and 1.2 ET0. Physiological parameters such as xylem water potential, chlorophyll index and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured. In addition to the leaf area index, specific leaf area and dry matter of the plant. For the leaf area and dry matter, a significant effect is reported in the water layers, where the largest layer 1.2 ET0 obtained higher average values. A significant effect is also reported between the varieties, where the caramel variety accumulated higher dry matter and better leaf index. Regarding the physiological variables, variations were reported at the level of simple effects, where the sheets of 0.2 and 1.2 ET0 presented higher xylem water potential and lower maximum efficiency of photosystem II. Among the peanut varieties there are significant differences in the physiological processes, where the Caramelo variety presented the highest water potential of the xylem. The effect of growth and activity of the physiological parameters is framed mainly by the characteristics of the peanut varieties depending on the water conditions that occur.
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    “Evaluación del comportamiento vegetativo y productivo de un híbrido del tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) a la aplicación de bioestimulantes y fertilización orgánica”
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-10) Intriago López, Efrén Rodolfo ; Zambrano Palacios, Néstor Jalil ; " " ; " "
    THIS RESEARCH WAS CARRIED OUT IN THE PARISH OF PICOAZÁ, PORTOVIEJO, PROVINCE OF MANABÍ. THE MAIN WAS TO EVALUATE THE VEGETATIVE AND PRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR OF TOMATO (SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM L.) TO THE APPLICATION OF BIOSTIMULANTS AND ORGANIC FERTILIZATION. A COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED BLOCK EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN WAS USED WITH FIVE TREATMENTS AND FOUR REPLICATIONS, AS FOLLOWS: FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM, FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SARGASSUM SPP., FOLIAR APPLICATION OF ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM WITH SARGASSUM SPP. AND TWO CONTROL TREATMENTS WITHOUT BIOSTIMULANT APPLICATION USING ONLY WATER (ONE USING COMPOST AS FERTILIZER AND THE OTHER WITHOUT FERTILIZATION). THE VARIABLES STUDIED WERE PLANT HEIGHT (CM), STEM DIAMETER (CM), NUMBER OF FLOWERS, YIELD (T HA-1), BRIX DEGREES OF FRUIT, DRY WEIGHT OF LEAVES, STEMS AND ROOTS (G), LEAF CHLOROPHYLL INDEX (SPAD). IN THE VEGETATIVE AND PRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR OF THE PIETRO HYBRID TOMATO CROP UNDER ORGANIC FERTILIZATION, THE COMBINATION OF THE ALGAE A. NODOSUM AND SARGASSUM SPP. PROVED TO HAVE GREATER EFFECTS ON THE VARIABLES STUDIED. WITH AN INVESTMENT OF 3,832.20 USD APPLYING THE COMBINATION OF A. NODOSUM AND SARGASSUM SPP. ALGAE, A TOTAL GAIN OF 23,350.80
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    “Evaluación del crecimiento radicular y nodulación de variedades de maní bajo tres láminas de agua riego”
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-10) Ponce Zambrano, Angelica Maria ; Zambrano Rezabala, Cindya Pamela ; " " ; " "
    THE TEST OF THE AGRONOMIC BEHAVIOR OF PEANUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA L.) WAS AS A STUDY TO ESTABLISH THE EFFECT OF THREE LOCALIZED IRRIGATION SHEETS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND GROWTH OF THE ROOTS AND NODULES OF THE PEANUT PLANT. FOUR VARIETIES WERE USED: CARAMEL: INIAP 382, ​​BLACK: INIAP 380, PINK: INIAP 381, STRIPED: INIAP 383. THE METHODOLOGY ALLOWED THE USE OF A COMPLETELY RANDOM EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN (DBCA), CARRYING OUT IN THE MONTH OF SEPTEMBER 2021 WITH A REA WORKED 32 M2 LONG AND WITH A WIDTH 1.30CM. WITH THE APPLICATION OF THREE WATER SHEET WHERE FACTORS A WERE ESTABLISHED WITH STUDIES WITH MAIN PLOTS, IRRIGATION LEVELS AND FACTOR B IN THE CULTIVAR SUBPLOTS. THE INFLUENCE OF THE IRRIGATION SHEETS ON THE CROP SHOWED SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN THE VARIABLE IN STAGES OF VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE CROP. IN THE VARIABLE NUMBER OF NODULES HAD AN AVERAGE VALUE OF 767 FOR THE ROSITA VARIETY UNDER CONDITIONS OF KC 0.2 WATER DEFICIT. THE EVALUATED PARAMETERS OF DRY WEIGHT OF NODULES IN THE VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT PHASE RESULTED IN AN AVERAGE OF 46 CORRESPONDING TO THE CANDY VARIETY STUDY IN THE KC 0.2 WATER SHEET. WITHIN THE VARIABLES EVALUATED OF THE ROOT VOLUME IN THE PHASE OF VEGETATIVE DEVELOPMENT, THE VARIETIES THAT SHOWED THE LARGEST MARKETS ARE CARAMEL AND BLACK WITH VALUES OF 86 AND 85ML IN THE KC 0.2, KC 0.5. WHILE IN THE VARIABLE IN THE ROOT LENGTH IN THE DEVELOPMENT PHASE SHOWED AN AVERAGE OF 19CM WITH ITS VARIABILITY COEFFICIENT REACHED OF 9.31% UNDER KC CONDITIONS 0.2. THE VARIABLES EVALUATED IN THE DRY ROOT MATTER WE OBTAINED IN THE NEGRO VARIETY A SIGNIFICANT AVERAGE OF 3.53GR AT A KC 0.5.
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    Germinación y establecimiento in vitro de Annona conica Ruiz y Pav. Ex G. Don, especie amenazada en peligro de extinción en Ecuador
    (Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-09) Avellán Rengifo, Andrea Cecilia ; Carrera Angamarca, Karen Mishell ; " " ; " "
    ANNONA CONICA RUIZ AND PAV. EX G. DON, IS AN ENDEMIC SHRUB FROM ECUADOR THAT GROWS IN THE WET AND DRY COASTAL FOREST AREAS, REGISTERING ISOLATED AND LOW-DENSITY POPULATIONS IN THE PROVINCES OF LOS RÍOS, GUAYAS AND MANABÍ. ACCORDING TO THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES, A. CONICA IS LISTED AS AN “ENDANGERED” SPECIES DUE TO ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS RESEARCH WAS TO DETERMINE THE GERMINATION CAPACITY AND TO DEVELOP A PROTOCOL FOR THE IN VITRO ESTABLISHMENT OF A. CONICA. BASED ON WHAT WAS PROPOSED, THE GERMINATIVE CAPACITY OF A. CONICA WAS EVALUATED BY COLLECTING FRUITS FROM TWO GERMPLASM BANKS ESTABLISHED AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH OF ECUADOR, PORTOVIEJO STATION AND AT THE EXPERIMENTAL CAMPUS LA TEODOMIRA, OF THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING OF ECUADOR. THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MANABÍ. IN ADDITION, FRUITS WERE COLLECTED IN THE LA MOCORA COMMUNITY, IN THE 24 DE MAYO CANTON. A MECHANICAL SCARIFICATION WAS CARRIED OUT, WHICH CONSISTED OF SANDING PART OF THE SEED COAT, OBTAINING 87.50% GERMINATION. IN THE IN VITRO ESTABLISHMENT PHASE, THE PERCENTAGE OF CONTAMINATION AND DEATH OF EXPLANTS WAS EVALUATED, APPLYING FOUR DISINFECTION TREATMENTS, USING SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE IN DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS AND DIFFERENT IMMERSION TIMES OF THE EXPLANT. THE BEST DISINFECTION TREATMENT WILL BE REPAIRED WITH THE APPLICATION OF 70% ALCOHOL FOR ONE MINUTE AND 2% SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE FOR EIGHT MINUTES (T4). IN VITRO ESTABLISHMENT WAS CARRIED OUT IN WPM (WOODY PLANT MEDIUM), EVALUATING THE MORPHOGENIC RESPONSE OF A. CONICA EXPLANTS, STIMULATED BY THE EFFECT OF TWO CYTOKININS (2-IP AND ZEATIN) AND THE INTERACTION WITH AUXIN (IBA). THE TREATMENT THAT PRESENTED THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE WAS THE COMBINATION OF ZEATIN AT 1.0 MG L-1 AND AIB AT 0.25 MG L-1. HOWEVER, THE TREATMENT WHERE ONLY ZEATIN WAS APPLIED AT 0.5 MG L-1 MANAGED TO OBTAIN A HIGHER PERCENTAGE OF SHOOT FORMATION. THESE RESULTS SHOW US THAT IT IS NECESSARY TO BREAK THE SEED TEST THROUGH MECHANICAL SCARIFICATION TO OBTAIN A HIGH PERCENTAGE OF GERMINATION. IN ADDITION, THE TREATMENTS STIMULATED WITH ZEATIN WILL ALLOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT ESTABLISHMENT PROTOCOLS, OBTAINING UNIFORMITY IN THE RESPONSE OF THE EXPLANTS, WHOSE CONDITION IS FAVORABLE FOR THE FOLLOWING STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN IN VITRO MULTIPLICATION PROTOCOL.