Caracterización fisiológica y productiva de 10 accesiones de maní (Arachis hypogaea L.) bajo condiciones de capacidad de campo

Abstract

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important crop for Ecuador's economy, particularly in the Manabí region. However, information on its cultivation is limited and production has declined in recent years. This highlights the need to explore new varieties, diversify cultivation practices, and gather information to enhance production. The objective of this research was to carry out a physiological and productive characterization of 10 peanut accessions in the field. This study was conducted at the Faculty of Agronomic Engineering of the Technical University of Manabí, Lodana parish Km 13.5, Portoviejo-Santa Ana road, Manabí, Ecuador. Seeds from 10 peanut accessions were obtained from the National Germplasm Bank INIAP. A completely randomized block design (CRBD) was used, with 10 treatments and four replications. The physiological and productive performance of the crop was evaluated: leaf area (LA), number of stomata, chlorophyll index (CI), maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), number of gynophores, number of pods, weight of 100 seeds (g), and yield (Kg ha-1). The results indicate that the accessions are physiologically active. Among the accessions with the highest physiological responses are ECU-11491 with 302.25 cm² of LA, ECU-11465 with 0.831 Fv/Fm at 13:00, and ECU-16477 with 25.75 stomata per mm2 on the adaxial side and ECU-11433 with 22.5 stomata per mm2 on the abaxial side. The CI for all accessions at 08:00 and 13:00 ranges between 34.25 and 41.35 SPAD Units. Accessions with high productive potential were identified, such as ECU-11465 and ECU-11832 with 76 gynophores and 43.75 pods per plant and a yield of 4075.75 Kg ha-1, alongside ECU-11832 with 64.75 gynophores and 40.25 pods per plant, and a yield of 4018 Kg ha-1. ECU-11491 with 66.5 g and ECU-11872 with 62 g are characterized by their high weight of 100 seeds.