Ingeniero Agronomo
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ItemGerminación y establecimiento in vitro de Morella sp. (Myricaceae) especie arbórea multipropósito del Área Protegida Comunitaria Tambillo(Ingenieria Agronomica, 2023)Laurel de cera (Morella sp.) is a forest tree species of ecological, industrial and medicinal importance, however, presents difficulties in its propagation due to the low percentages in the germination of the seeds. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of GA3 on seed germination and in vitro establishment of Morella sp. apices from the Tambillo Community Protected Area. The seeds were subjected to pre-germinative treatments with GA3 at concentrations of 250 ppm and 500 ppm for 24 and 48 h and were sown in germination trays with peat as substrate. For in vitro establishment the explants were placed in a solution of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and quaternary ammonium (QA) in three concentrations (1, 1.5 and 2%) and three immersion times (5, 10 and 15 min) and were seeded in the Woody Plant Medium (WPM) formulation. The percentage of germination, percentage of contamination and percentage of dead explants were evaluated. The highest germination percentages were obtained with 500 ppm of GA3 in an immersion time of 24 and 48 h. The lowest percentage of contamination and of dead explants was achieved with 1.5% QA for 10 min.
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ItemCrecimiento de dos híbridos de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L.) en condiciones de campo abierto y macro túnel(Ingenieria Agronomica, 2023)The present investigative work was carried out on the premises of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering in Lodana, Santa Ana parish and the objective was to evaluate the growth behavior of two pepper hybrids (Capsicum annuum L.) under macro tunnel conditions and in the field. open, evaluating morphological parameters and chlorophyll content. The methodology used is the completely randomized experimental design (DCA), as a process four treatments and four repetitions were used with the two hybrids of pepper, where growth under macro tunnel conditions and in the open field. The variables stem height and diameter, number, length and width of leaves and the chlorophyll index were evaluated. The results obtained in morphological parameters (plant height, active leaves, stem diameter and chlorophyll content) show that the Quetzal cultivar showed the highest values in the three evaluation moments under macro tunnel conditions.
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ItemEvaluación de parámetros fisiológicos y crecimiento de variedades de maní (Arachis hypogaea L.) bajo tres láminas de riego(Ingenieria Agronomica, 2023)The cultivation of peanuts is among the legumes an important production item in several provinces of Ecuador; however, its highest production is established during the dry season, subjecting the crop to constant states of water stress that could hinder its response to growth and physiological functions. This research was established with the objective of evaluating the physiological and growth parameters of peanut varieties under three layers of irrigation. The Rosita, Caramelo, Rayado and Negro varieties of peanuts were evaluated, establishing themselves as the ones with the greatest commercial use in the province of Manabí. During growth, the plots were established with water depths of 0.2 ET0, 0.5 ET0 and 1.2 ET0. Physiological parameters such as xylem water potential, chlorophyll index and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured. In addition to the leaf area index, specific leaf area and dry matter of the plant. For the leaf area and dry matter, a significant effect is reported in the water layers, where the largest layer 1.2 ET0 obtained higher average values. A significant effect is also reported between the varieties, where the caramel variety accumulated higher dry matter and better leaf index. Regarding the physiological variables, variations were reported at the level of simple effects, where the sheets of 0.2 and 1.2 ET0 presented higher xylem water potential and lower maximum efficiency of photosystem II. Among the peanut varieties there are significant differences in the physiological processes, where the Caramelo variety presented the highest water potential of the xylem. The effect of growth and activity of the physiological parameters is framed mainly by the characteristics of the peanut varieties depending on the water conditions that occur.
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ItemComportamiento de dos genotipos de algodón (Gossypium hirsutum L.) ante el déficit hídrico durante la fase de floración(Ingenieria Agronomica, 2023)Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the most important non-food agricultural crop in the world, being the main natural fiber planted. However, both the development and the productivity of this crop are severely affected by the restriction in the water supply. The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of two cotton genotypes (Cocker 310 and DP Alcala 90) in the face of water deficit during the flowering phase. This research was carried out in a shade house, where the two genotypes grew with an irrigation sheet of 16 L/m2 per day, until 30 days after sowing; from that moment part of the plants of each genotype were subjected to water deficit by suspending irrigation during the entire flowering phase, leaving in parallel a control treatment that continued to be irrigated with the already indicated sheet. Thirty days after the start of the water deficit period, the following variables were determined: stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves, number of flower buds, number of flowers, root depth, root volume, dry weight of root, stem, leaves and flowers, root/shoot ratio, leaf area, chlorophyll index and relative water content. The results obtained showed that all the variables determined were reduced under the condition of water deficit, in relation to the control treatment, this behavior being more accentuated in the Cocker 310 variety, except for the root depth, the root/shoot ratio and the relative content of chlorophyll in the leaf, since the value of these three variables increased with water stress in both genotypes. The results obtained suggest that the flowering phase is quite sensitive to water deficit, with the DP Alcala 90 variety being the one that was less affected by the water deficit condition.
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Item“Efecto de la aplicación de torta de piñón (Jatropha curcas L.) en diferentes dosis sobre el desarrollo y producción de fréjol caupí (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.)”(Ingenieria Agronomica, 2023)Cowpea is of economic and nutritional importance. It is generally managed by chemical fertilization; however, its intensive use leads to environmental and health problems and higher production costs. On the other hand, there are fertilizers of organic origin, such as physic nut seed cake, which contribute to the growth and development of the crop, allowing for sustainable agriculture. This research was carried out at the experimental campus La Teodomira of the Technical University of Manabi. The objective was to evaluate the effect of pine nut cake in different doses on the development and production of cowpea bean. A Completely Randomized Block Design (CSBD) was used, and the following treatments were studied based on the phosphorus content present in the pine nut cake (0.5% P): T1 (0 kg P/ha), T2 (20 kg P/ha), T3 (50 kg P/ha), T4 (100 kg P/ha), T5 (chemical fertilizer ¨Yaramila complex¨); T1 (0 g/plant tort. Jatropha), T2 (27.22 g/plant tort. Jatropha), T3 (68.06 g/plant tort. Jatropha), T4(136.12 g/plant tort. Jatropha), T5(1.88 g/plant tort. Jatropha). The variables studied were plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), number of leaves, leaf area, leaf dry matter, number of nodules, root volume, pod length, pod width, number of pods per plant, weight of dry pods, seeds per pod, weight of 100 seeds, yield, relative SPAD chlorophyll content, percentage of leaf N, P and K, leaf chlorophyll index (SPAD). In the agronomic variables and In the agronomic variables and in the productive behavior of cowpea in response to the application of pine nut cake at different doses, the best responses were obtained in the treatment with 20 kg P ha-1.