Comportamiento de plagas y enfermedade en el cultivo de Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) y Citrus latifolia (Tanaka) en Latinoamérica y Ecuador.

Abstract

THE MEXICAN LEMON, CITRUS AURANTIIFOLIA, AND THE TAHITI LIME, CITRUS LATIFOLIA ARE IMPORTANT CITRUS FRUITS DUE TO THEIR DEMAND AS FRESH OR PROCESSED PRODUCTS. LATIN AMERICA PRODUCES 35% OF THE LIMES AND LEMONS CONSUMED IN THE WORLD. ITS CULTIVATION COULD BE AFFECTED BY EXOTIC AND NATIVE PHY-TOSANITARY PROBLEMS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS RESEARCH WAS TO ANALYZE THE OCCURRENCE AND IMPACT OF DISEASES AND PESTS IN C. AURANTIIFOLIA AND C. LATIFOLIA IN LATIN AMERICA. A REVIEW WAS CARRIED OUT IN DIFFERENT DATABASES, SUCH AS ACADEMIC GOOGLE, FAO AND EPPO. THE MAIN BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL DISEASES REPORTED ARE: CANKER CAUSED BY XANTHOMONAS CITRI SSP. CITRI, AN-THRACNOSE DUE TO COLLETOTRICHUM GLOEOSPORIOIDES AND COLLETOTRICHUM ACUTATUM AND GUMMOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH, PHYTOPHTHORA PARASITICA. AMONG THE VIROSIS, THE LEPROSIS VIRUS AND THE CITRUS TRISTEZA VIRUS, TRANSMITTED BY MITES, BREVIPALPUS SPP. AND TOXOPTERA CITRICIDA, RESPECTIVELY. PHYLLOCNISTIS CITRELLA IS CONSIDERED A PRIMARY PEST THAT BUILDS GALLERIES IN THE LEAVES, DEFORMING THEM AND AFFECTING THEIR DEVELOPMENT. THIRTY ONE TAXA OF COCCOIDEA AND FIVE OF WHITEFLIES (ALEYRODIDAE) WERE REPORTED. HOWEVER, THE MOST RELEVANT PHYTOSANITARY PROBLEM IS HUANGLONGBING (HLB) DE-TECTED IN THE AMERICAS IN BRAZIL IN 2004. IT IS CAUSED BY THE BACTERIA CANDI-DATUS LIBERIBACTER SPP. AND TRANSMITTED BY DIAPHORINA CITRI. THE PRODUCTION OF LIMES AND LEMONS IN LATIN AMERICA HAS FACED CHALLENGES IN DISEASE AND PEST MANAGEMENT. WHILE TECHNOLOGIES ARE GENERATED TO REDUCE THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY HLB AND OTHER PHYTOSANITARY PROBLEMS, CITRUS GROWERS MUST UNDERTAKE STRATEGIES THAT ALLOW THEM TO MANAGE THEM RATIONALLY AND AT THE SAME TIME MAINTAIN PRODUCTION LEVELS.