Ingeniero Agronomo
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ItemEfecto del mantillo de cáscara de arroz y carbón vegetal en la fisiología del cultivo de maracuyá y su impacto en la nutrición del suelo en época de secano(Ingenieria Agronomica, 2025)The passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) is an economically and socially significant crop in tropical regions, facing sustainability challenges in rainfed production systems. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rice husk mulch and biochar on the physiology of passion fruit cultivation and its impact on soil nutrition during the dry season. The research was conducted in the Santa Rita parish, Chone canton, from April to December 2023, following a randomized block experimental design with four treatments and four replications. Key variables measured included the photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll index, and macro- and micronutrient concentrations in the soil. The results showed that the combined treatment of 1 kg of biochar and 2 kg of rice husk significantly improved photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm > 0.81) and quantum yield (YII > 0.83 µmol m² s⁻¹), in addition to maintaining chlorophyll indices above 50 SPAD. Regarding soil properties, an increase in the availability of essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium was observed, along with pH optimization, reaching values close to 6.3 in biochar-amended treatments. These findings highlight the effectiveness of soil amendments in enhancing soil fertility and promoting the sustainability of passion fruit cultivation. The combined use of biochar and rice husk represents a viable strategy to improve productivity and sustainability in rainfed passion fruit production systems.
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ItemComportamiento de nuevos híbridos de maíz (Zea mays L.) en sistemas de producción de alta densidad con fertilización de liberación controlada, en la parroquia Lodana(Ingenieria Agronomica, 2025)Corn (Zea mays L.) is essential for both human and animal consumption and in the food industry. In Ecuador, especially in the Coastal region, large areas of corn are cultivated, but the yield per hectare remains low, which requires optimizing agricultural practices such as planting density and fertilization. This study evaluated the behavior of two new corn hybrids under high-density planting systems and controlled fertilization in the Lodana parish, Manabí; through the use of a completely randomized block design with 27 experimental treatments, combining planting densities, hybrids and fertilizers, where growth and performance variables were evaluated. The results obtained indicate that high densities in combination with controlled release fertilization did not show significant effects on vegetative growth, but the hybrids and fertilization did influence the insertion height of the cob, highlighting the ADV-9139 hybrid. In terms of yield, high densities and hybrids had significant effects on variables such as the number of grains per row and yield per hectare, with ADV-9139 and N-25 being the most productive. Combined fertilization (conventional and controlled release) turned out to be an economically viable strategy, reducing costs and increasing profits. Therefore, the use of hybrids such as ADV-9139 and N-25, high population densities and combined fertilization is recommended to optimize the productivity and profitability of corn cultivation.
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ItemEfecto de sustratos orgánicos sobre la calidad de la planta de maracuyá (Passiflora edulis flavicarpa) en vivero(Ingenieria Agronomica, 2025)The present research focused on evaluating the effect of different organic substrates on the quality of passion fruit plants under nursery conditions, due to the economic and nutritional importance of this crop in Ecuador. The general objective was to determine how various combinations of organic substrates influence the growth and development of passion fruit plants in the nursery. For this purpose, seven treatments were used, combining compost, agricultural soil, charcoal, sand, and black soil, evaluating variables such as plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, chlorophyll index, dry matter accumulation, and photosynthetic efficiency 60 days after planting. The main results indicated that treatments with compost and charcoal (T1 and T5) showed the highest dry matter accumulation, while those with biochar and compost (T1, T3, and T5) significantly improved the quantum efficiency of photosystem II and the chlorophyll index, providing optimal conditions for photosynthetic efficiency and overall plant development. In conclusion, substrates that combine compost and biochar are the most effective in improving the quality and productivity of passion fruit plants in the nursery, optimizing soil structure and nutrient availability. These findings highlight the importance of adequately selecting substrate components to maximize plant performance, recommending future research that includes other organic substrates and evaluating their impact under different climatic conditions and on soil microbiota.
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ItemEfecto de la aplicación de pesticidas botánicos sobre la entomofauna benéfica asociada al cultivo de maíz (Zea mays L.) en Lodana, Manabí(Ingenieria Agronomica, 2025)Maize (Zea mays L.), faces significant challenges due to damage caused by Spodoptera frugiperda, which affects crop yields. Synthetic pesticides are often used to control this pest, damaging beneficial insects more than the pests themselves. Based on the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of botanical pesticides on the beneficial entomofauna associated with maize in Lodana, Manabí. The research was carried out at the experimental campus of the Faculty of Agricultural Engineering of the Technical University of Manabí, using a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with 11 treatments and 4 replications, totaling 44 experimental units with 120 plants each unit. Yellow maize variety ADV 9139 was planted. The variables evaluated included the number of parasitoids, predators and pollinators. Direct observations were made weekly on 10 plants at random before and after application of the treatments to record the presence of insects. A chromatid trap (yellow colour) was installed in each treatment, collection and evaluation was carried out every fortnight. Ten insect families were identified in direct observations, with Chrysopidae being the most abundant, and 11 families were identified in the traps, with Dolichopodidae predominating. In addition, there was a significant difference between the treatments, with a lower affectation in the population of the families where Petiveria alliacea was applied at 15%. In traps, the population of insects per family, treated with Jatropa curcas and P. alliacea, individually and in combination under different concentrations, was higher than the control. The beneficial entomofauna in the maize crop corresponds to predators, parasitoids and pollinators, and its population is little affected by botanical pesticides
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ItemEffect of culture medium pH and GA3 on germination and seedling growth of Capsicum frutescens(Ingenieria Agronomica, 2025)Capsicum frutescens L. has a great relevance in terms of nutritional value and economic importance. It is cultivated worldwide. In vitro culture is one of the methods used to reproduce high-quality materials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different pH levels of the Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium on the germination and growth of C. frutescens seedlings. Six accessions of C. frutescens (ECU-2259, ECU-12967A, ECU-12967B, ECU-2237, ECU-12974, and ECU-11994A) from National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP) Gene Bank were studied in a tri factorial experiment distributed on a completely random design was performed (genotypes * pH * GA3). The seeds were disinfected with 70% ethyl alcohol (30 seconds), 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) with two drops of Tween-20 for 15 minutes, and sterile distilled water, and then sown in test tubes containing MS medium with pH 3.5, 4, 5.8, 6.5, and 7.5, with and without GA3 (0.75 mg/L). Results showed that germination and seedling height are determined by the characteristics of each accession, with accessions ECU-12967A and 12967B having highest germination rate and speed germinations. Accession 12967A and 12967B were not affected by pH different pH levels. In conclusion, C. frutescens plant tolerance to different pH levels can help to reduce losses in vegetative growth and yield parameters during production.