El sector avicola y su aporte al desarrollo del comercio en el Canton Junin, periodo 2014 – 2015

Abstract

Undoubtedly, the poultry industry in Ecuador is established as one of the most important activities in the food context, because of its great contribution along the entire food chain from production of raw materials such as yellow corn and soy the development of balanced until the generation of finished products such as poultry meat and eggs food. Despite the political and economic situation in the country's poultry sector recorded an increase in consumption of poultry meat is as well as between 2010 and 2014 growth of 23% is observed when passing from 21.6 to 26.6 kg / hab / year, being due to the wide range of product and attractive prices relative to substitutes, on the other hand, at the level of all strata of the population the consumption of chicken meat is a habit already established. In any case, it is important to note that the level of consumption in our country is below the level of the Andean community, where more than 30 kg / person / year. If we relate the national per capita consumption with other countries see the difference, so it is considered that the trend for the coming years is growing. According to statistics from the National Poultry Farmers Corporation (CONAVE), the value of domestic production of chicken meat represents 5.6% of agricultural GDP and 2.5% egg. If the production of turkeys, sausages and other minor lines included, the whole poultry sector contributes 9% to the sector's GDP. In terms of production, it can be mentioned that on average nationwide produce 280 to 290 eggs per laying hen per year, with a lower mortality than 3% throughout the cycle, while in broilers conversion rate is 1.18 Kg balanced per kg of poultry meat, with a mortality rate of between 5% to 8%, comparable to the international average parameters. The weakness of the poultry industry lies, on the one hand, the cost of raw materials, due to the combination of tariffs ad-valorem to specific rights of price bands for hard corn and soybeans (grain product marker, cake tied product), which raise import costs and therefore domestic. This work aims, the comparison of the reflected poultry production in eggs and chickens, several companies engaged in this activity in the canton Junín, and where, despite the competition between them, analyzing whether production it is profitable and whether to carry out such activity. The expected results are reflected in the development of the thesis, in which the objectives that were raised in the investigation for the same, posing a document will actually accurate data on firms poultry production are met.