Aplicación de aceites vegetales en el control del gusano cogollero (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) en dos ciclos productivos de maíz (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of piñon oil (Jatropha curcas) and castor oil (Ricinus communis) vegetable oils in controlling fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in maize crops during two production cycles. A randomized complete block design consisting of 40 experimental plots, ten treatments, and four replications was employed. Four concentrations of the oils, along with a chemical control (Lorsban) and an absolute control (water only), were tested. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of both vegetable oils in reducing fall armyworm infestation. However, their efficacy varied depending on the season. Jatropha oil exhibited greater effectiveness during the rainy season, while Ricinus oil showed better results in the dry season. It is important to note that both oils displayed some phytotoxicity in the maize crop, although without significant impact on yield. These findings underscore the potential of vegetable oils as environmentally friendly and efficient alternatives for pest control in maize cultivation. Their utilization can be particularly advantageous for small-scale farmers and in developing countries, given their ecological benefits compared to chemical insecticides. Nonetheless, caution should be exercised regarding phytotoxicity, and application should be adjusted accordingly based on seasonal variations. This study contributes valuable insights to integrated pest management practices and emphasizes the significance of seeking sustainable approaches for safeguarding crop productivity.