Recursos genéticos de variedades de cacao tipo Nacional en Ecuador: una revisión sistemática

Abstract

WITH THE PURPOSE OF COMPILING INFORMATION RELATED TO NATIONAL TYPE COCOA, THE FOLLOWING REVIEW ADDRESSES I) IMPORTANCE OF COCOA IN ECUADOR, II) GERMOPLASM BANKS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF GENOTYPES OF NATIONAL TYPE COCOA, III) MAIN PRODUCTION AREAS AND IV) RECOMMENDED MATERIALS FOR THE DIFFERENT PRODUCTION AREAS. A SYSTEMATIC SEARCH FOR LITERATURE WAS CONDUCTED FROM 1937 TO 2022 IN SCIENTIFIC DATABASES, SUCH AS SCOPUS, SCIELO, REDALYC, LATINDEX. IN ADDITION, DOCUMENTS WERE COLLECTED IN REPOSITORIES OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITIES AND RESEARCH INSTITUTES. FOR THE ANALYSIS OF THE INFORMATION, DESCRIPTIVE AND MULTIVARIATE STATISTICS WERE CARRIED OUT. THE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW CARRIED OUT ALLOWS IT TO CONCLUDE THAT: I) THE GENETIC RESOURCES OF THIS TYPE OF COCOA ARE VERY IMPORTANT FOR THE COCOA SECTOR, II) THE MAIN VARIABLES REPORTED AS DISCRIMINANT WERE: NUMBER AND WEIGHT OF SEEDS AND LESS THAN 50% OF THE ACCESSIONS HAVE HAVE BEEN GENETICALLY CHARACTERIZED III) THE MAIN PROVINCES PRODUCING NATIONAL TYPE COCOA IN ECUADOR ARE MANABÍ, GUAYAS, LOS RÍOS AND ESMERALDAS AND IV) THE CLONES INIAP-EETP-800 AND INIAP-EETP-801 (WITH 2.5 AND 2 T/HA /YEAR RESPECTIVELY) HAVE REPORTED HIGHER PERFORMANCES THAN THE CCN51 CLONE. THIS REVIEW INTENDS TO RAISE AWARENESS IN THE COCOA SECTOR AND CONSUMER ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF MAINTAINING THIS IMPORTANT GENETIC RESOURCE.