"Uso de hongos entomopatògenos como alternativa en el control biològico de garrapatas en la Provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsàchilas".

Abstract

The resistance to ticks of chemical origin, as well as the lack of products that avoid contamination of the environment and poisoning to animals, makes it necessary to develop alternatives for the control of ticks, which do not contaminate the products of the bovine farm and that in turn are harmless to the environment. This research work was carried out in two locations located in Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas during the months of September to December 2021, whose objective was to know the capacity of action that Isaria fumosorosea has as a control in tick larvae applied in paddock (experiment 1) and Beauveria Bassiana applied by bathing in animals (experiment 2) on ticks Rhipicephalus microplus. Three different doses of entomopathogenic fungi T1 (80 gr), T2 (160gr), T3 (240gr), a chemical treatment T4 (Ethion + Cypermethrin) and as a Control T5 (water) were used. The statistical analyses used in experiment 1 were a completely random design meeting the assumptions of normality and homogeneity of variance, through the Shapiro Wilk and Levene tests and the Tukey test for comparison of means; experiment 2 applied the Kruskal-Wallis test and for multiple comparison of the medians the Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner (DSCF) test was applied at 90% confidence using the R and Jamovi software. The results obtained in experiments 1 and 2 showed that T4 (Ethion+ Cypermethrin) was more efficient than entomopathogenic fungi, while Isaria fumosorosea and Beauveria bassiana showed effect from the fifth and sixth day. So it is concluded that although the chemical was better, entomopathogenic fungi are an alternative for the control of ticks presenting an acceptable and economic effect compared to the chemical. There fore, it is recommended to continue carrying out studies that allow validating its effectiveness under natural field conditions on paddocks and animals.