Mecanismos de defensa en plantas de Capsicum contra Phytophthora capsici

Abstract

PHYTOPHTHORA CAPSICI IS AN OOMYCETE THAT CAUSES ROOT, STEM AND FRUIT ROT, AND LEAF BLIGHT IN SEVERAL PLANT SPECIES OF AGRICULTURAL IMPORTANCE, MAINLY IN SOLANACEAE OF THE GENUS CAPSICUM AS CHILI PEPPER AND PEPPER. THIS COSMOPOLITAN PLANT PATHOGEN HAS ATTACK MECHANISMS THAT FAVOR A FAST INFECTION, COLONIZATION, AND REPRODUCTION IN SUSCEPTIBLE HOSTS. IN CONTRAST, THESE PROCESSES ARE STRONGLY DELAYED OR AVOIDED IN RESISTANT GENOTYPES, MAINLY DUE TO THEIR EFFECTIVE DEFENSE MECHANISMS. IN THESE INCOMPATIBLE INTERACTIONS, THE RESISTANT PLANTS OF CAPSICUM RECOGNIZE THE OOMYCETE AND RAPIDLY EXPRESS MULTIPLE GENES THAT SUBSEQUENTLY SIGNAL MOLECULES, WHICH ALLOW THE ACCUMULATION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS, PHYTOALEXINS, AND REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES, THE ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT ENZYMES, WHICH CAN EVEN ALLOW THE FORMATION OF PHYSICAL BARRIERS. THIS REVIEW ADDRESS EXPOSES AND DISCUSSES THE ADVANCES AND PROGRESS OF RESEARCH OVER THE LAST TWENTY YEARS, REGARDING THE STRUCTURAL, BIOCHEMICAL, AND MOLECULAR DEFENSE MECHANISMS USED BY CAPSICUM RESISTANT PLANTS TO DEFEND AGAINST P. CAPSICI.