COMPORTAMIENTO FISIOLOGÍCO DEL LIMÓN SUTIL (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) EN SUELOS SALINOS

Abstract

THE SOILS THAT ARE AFFECTED BY SALINITY HAVE A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF MORE SOLUBLE SALTS THAN CALCIUM CARBONATE AND GYPSUM WHICH DIRECTLY THE GROWTH OF PLANTS. IT IS IMPORTANT TO CONSIDER THAT CITRUS FRUITS ARE PERENNIAL CROPS WITH A WIDE PRODUCTION RANGE AND ARE OF WORLDWIDE IMPORTANCE. SALINITY GENERATES VARIOUS DAMAGES AMONG WHICH WE HAVE: TISSUE BURNS, DECREASED YIELD, FOLIAR ABSCISSION AND PLANT DEATH. SALT STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH: A) AN IONIC COMPONENT LINKED TO THE ACCUMULATION TO TOXIC LEVELS OF CL- AND NA + IONS IN THE CYTOPLASM, CAUSING AN IONIC IMBALANCE; B) AN OSMOTIC COMPONENT DUE TO THE COMPARTMENTALISATION OF THIS TOXIC ION IN THE VACUOLE THAT CAUSES THE WATER POTENTIAL OF THE CYTOSOL TO DECREASE TO BALANCE THE LOW EXTERNAL WATER POTENTIAL AND ENSURE THE ENTRY OF WATER INTO THE PLANT CELL AND THUS AVOID DAMAGE TO THE PLANT CELL. MACROMOLECULE. THE CITRUS PRODUCTION IN ECUADOR IS IMPORTANT THE LEMON, CULTIVATED IN THE PROVINCE OF MANABÍ. GIVEN THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTIVATION IN THE PROVINCE, THIS REVIEW FOCUSES ON ANALYZING THE EFFECTS OF SALINE STRESS AND ITS CAUSES, SPECIFICALLY IN CITRUS FRUITS, FOR WHICH A METICULOUS SEARCH FOR INFORMATION FROM STUDIES REGARDING SALINITY WILL BE CARRIED OUT.