"Situación actual de 32 ganaderías bovinas asociadas en el cantón Jama, de la provincia de Manabi en el 2013" .

Abstract

This investigation was conducted in the canton Jama, with the active members who integrate the stockbreeders' association “ASOGAN JAMA” where it was evaluated the situation current of 32 bovine ranches associated in the canton Jama, of the Manabí province in the year 2013; where the following results were obtained; 100 % of the cattle is located in the sector rurally routes exist carrozables; 69 % only has access to its ranches in summer epoch, 31 %; the whole year; 84 % of the ranches has energy electric and septic well; 6 % possesses drinking water, energy electric and septic well; and 9 % does not present any type of basic services. To be a question about the number of animals owned by each Member of the Association, I separated in four alternatives (< 50, 50-100, 101-200, > 200). A total of 15.63% were (< 50); the 31.25% placed them (50-100); the 40.63% is the income (101-200); and 12.5% are located (> 200); 100% of the farms have professional veterinary service; concerning the frequency 97% receive professional visit eventually and 3% weekly; the type of exploitation engaged farms double 53% purpose, 31% meat production, and 16% milk production; 91% extensive cattle production system, 9% semi-intensive; the type of race that exist in a 59% mestizo, 31% farms brahman, 3% Brown Swiss and gyrolando, 3% nelore. Material that are built corrals and sleeves with 59.4% of wood, 25% of wood and cane, 6.3% of wire, wire and Rod 3.1%, 3.1% cement and metal, metal 3.1 and cane; 100% of associated farms do not milking parlor, 66% of farms are milking manual, and 34% not milked; the material of the drinkers and feeders, 62% are cement and 37% are constructed of wood; 100% of the enclosures of the paddocks are wire and hedgerows. The 34% supplies food to your cattle, 44% does not supply, and 22% depending on the season; 6% supplied food to balanced to your cattle, 13% food energy, 3% food energy and protein; 19% salts minerals; 3% food energy and mineral, 9% incorporate protein foods, 3% provided food protein and mineral and 44% do not provide any type of additional food to their animals; 9% takes food intake record 91% do not carry logs; the amount of food given to cattle 9% it provides 2 Kg, 31% supplies free consumption and 59% not supplied food to your cattle. To be a question relative about the Ha of pastures that have farms, I separated in four alternatives (< 50, 50-100, 101-200, > 200). A total of 18.75% were located (< 50); the 31.25% placed them (50-100); 25% (101-200); admission those are and 25% are located (> 200); 78% of farmers supplied not cutting 5 their herds to pasture, and 22% doing so with different types of grasses cut; 100% of farms are in your pasture paddocks Savoy, 59% not fertilize your pasture a 41% doing so; 38% fertilized with inorganic material (urea), 3% with organic material, 59% do not fertilize with any kind; the time of fertilization of pasture a 9.4% is done twice a year, 28.1% once a year, 3.1% done rarely, and the other 59.4% never fertilize; 75% of rancher removed weeds their paddocks manually, 19% do it manually and chemistry, 6% made it chemical form; the frequency to remove the weeds of the paddocks 47% each year, 34% every 6 months and 16% every 3 months, and 3% from time to time; 50 a time off to the paddocks of 30 days, 38% 45 days, 6% 3 months, 3% 15 days, 3% other 2 months; 91 rancher do not perform the replanting of its pastures becomes naturally, 6% resiembran each year, and 3% it is performed every 6 months. The Water in the ranches the 65.63% comes from rivers and wells, 18.75% of rivers, and the 15.63% of wells; 59% obtain water in times of drought in wells, 25% of the River, and 16% of rivers and wells; the 84.4% have sufficient pasture at critical times, the 3.1% do not have enough grass, and the 12.5% rented paddocks; 5% of the partners provided food to balanced their animals in critical times, 6% energy food supplements, 3% give legume tree, and 75% provides you nothing; the 16% sometimes make silage, and 84% does not; 19% done form of trench silage, and another 81% does not whatsoever.