Caracterización de los materiales utilizados en las construcciones de las viviendas en la parroquia rural abdón calderón del cantón portoviejo

Abstract

Promote sustainability in urban planning and the building is facing several major challenges of the twenty-first century; because there are data to support that buildings consume between 30% and 40% of natural resources. They also contribute greatly to increased emissions and pollution, both during the construction process, as throughout his life once completed. the high impact of its location on the territory, with negative influence on other sectors such as transport and energy is also evident. In South American countries and in the particular case of Ecuador, there is a shortage of important housing, according to data from the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing Housing Ministry, in 2011, there is a housing deficit of approximately 700,000 housing units, of which the 80% are required in the most vulnerable sector of the population. then comes the idea, to study more precisely the proper use of materials that can reduce costs without affecting the quality of life of its members. In Ecuador, there are native materials that are poorly used, one of which corresponds to the known "Wood of the poor" or bamboo cane, its inappropriate use in shantytowns, has made it synonymous with poverty, including the professional sector, unknown its features and proper use. One problem that has been present in rural housing over time is the behavior of materials with the passage of time or natural events, which may be affected by the quality of the materials used in their manufacture as well by the environment in which are located. To solve the problem, this research seeks to characterize the materials used in the construction of houses in the rural parish Abdon Calderon in the last ten years, pretending to investigate how they were built and what materials were used for the preparation thereof, according to a selection of homes belonging to each of the existing communities in the area as a case study through surveys, to further the analysis of the collected data and establish more sustainable materials and models in future projects.