Efecto de una fertilización orgánica sobre las enfermedades foliares y producción de granos en soya en Lodana, Manabí.

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is characterized by being a short-cycle legume widely cultivated in Ecuador, it is one of the most widely used raw materials in agroindustry and in human food; the importance of the species lies in the amount of oil and protein found in its grains, being considered a potential supplementary source of oil; likewise, it is emphasized that soybean is one of the main short-cycle crops in Ecuador. Now, the objective of this research was to evaluate organic fertilization, SPAD chlorophyll index, fungal foliar and root diseases and grain production in soybean crops subjected to different nutritional conditions in Lodana, Manabí. The plant material used was the variety INIAP 307, using a completely randomized block design, the work consisted of five treatments and four repetitions were subjected to an analysis of variance using the Scott & Knott test (P ≤ 0.05) of probability, the variables evaluated were: plant height, insertion of the first pod, stem diameter, total nodes, productive branches, total branches. The results obtained showed that organic fertilization at a medium dose resulted in the highest yield, reaching 2447.98 kg / ha, and a chlorophyll index of 27.5 in plants treated with a high dose of organic fertilizer. In addition, foliar diseases such as frog eye spot and septoria were identified, which affected the crop, with the treatment with medium-dose organic fertilization showing the least severity in frog eye spot.