Efecto de la fertilización orgánica e inorgánica sobre la clorofila, intensidad de enfermedades, componentes agronómicos y productivos de tres variedades de arroz en el cantón Sucre, Manabí

Abstract

The predominant cultivation system in the rice fields of Manabí is conventional. However, organic fertilization, such as the use of bokashi, presents itself as a more environmentally friendly alternative. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of organic (bokashi) and inorganic fertilization (Yaramila complex + Urea) on chlorophyll content, disease incidence, and the agronomic and productive components of three rice varieties in the Sucre canton, Manabí. For this purpose, local plant material was used to produce the bokashi. The experimental design consisted of split plots, where the main plots were treated with bokashi and with Yaramila complex + Urea. The doses were determined based on a prior soil analysis. The incidence of diseases such as black sheath rot, sheath blight, and the severity of brown spot and blast was evaluated from the stem elongation phase to the grain maturation stage. Likewise, the SPAD chlorophyll index was measured. The results showed that bokashi did not affect the incidence of black sheath rot but significantly reduced the incidence of sheath blight and the severity of brown spot and blast in the three rice varieties during the maturation stage. Additionally, plants treated with bokashi showed a higher SPAD chlorophyll index during the tillering and flowering stages. Yield components, such as grain weight with husk and the number of viable grains, were also higher in plants fertilized with bokashi. This research highlights the potential of bokashi as a sustainable alternative for rice production in Manabí, improving productivity and promoting more resilient and environmentally friendly agricultural practices.