Germinación y establecimiento in vitro de Annona conica Ruiz y Pav. Ex G. Don, especie amenazada en peligro de extinción en Ecuador

Abstract

ANNONA CONICA RUIZ AND PAV. EX G. DON, IS AN ENDEMIC SHRUB FROM ECUADOR THAT GROWS IN THE WET AND DRY COASTAL FOREST AREAS, REGISTERING ISOLATED AND LOW-DENSITY POPULATIONS IN THE PROVINCES OF LOS RÍOS, GUAYAS AND MANABÍ. ACCORDING TO THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES, A. CONICA IS LISTED AS AN “ENDANGERED” SPECIES DUE TO ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS RESEARCH WAS TO DETERMINE THE GERMINATION CAPACITY AND TO DEVELOP A PROTOCOL FOR THE IN VITRO ESTABLISHMENT OF A. CONICA. BASED ON WHAT WAS PROPOSED, THE GERMINATIVE CAPACITY OF A. CONICA WAS EVALUATED BY COLLECTING FRUITS FROM TWO GERMPLASM BANKS ESTABLISHED AT THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH OF ECUADOR, PORTOVIEJO STATION AND AT THE EXPERIMENTAL CAMPUS LA TEODOMIRA, OF THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING OF ECUADOR. THE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF MANABÍ. IN ADDITION, FRUITS WERE COLLECTED IN THE LA MOCORA COMMUNITY, IN THE 24 DE MAYO CANTON. A MECHANICAL SCARIFICATION WAS CARRIED OUT, WHICH CONSISTED OF SANDING PART OF THE SEED COAT, OBTAINING 87.50% GERMINATION. IN THE IN VITRO ESTABLISHMENT PHASE, THE PERCENTAGE OF CONTAMINATION AND DEATH OF EXPLANTS WAS EVALUATED, APPLYING FOUR DISINFECTION TREATMENTS, USING SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE IN DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS AND DIFFERENT IMMERSION TIMES OF THE EXPLANT. THE BEST DISINFECTION TREATMENT WILL BE REPAIRED WITH THE APPLICATION OF 70% ALCOHOL FOR ONE MINUTE AND 2% SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE FOR EIGHT MINUTES (T4). IN VITRO ESTABLISHMENT WAS CARRIED OUT IN WPM (WOODY PLANT MEDIUM), EVALUATING THE MORPHOGENIC RESPONSE OF A. CONICA EXPLANTS, STIMULATED BY THE EFFECT OF TWO CYTOKININS (2-IP AND ZEATIN) AND THE INTERACTION WITH AUXIN (IBA). THE TREATMENT THAT PRESENTED THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE WAS THE COMBINATION OF ZEATIN AT 1.0 MG L-1 AND AIB AT 0.25 MG L-1. HOWEVER, THE TREATMENT WHERE ONLY ZEATIN WAS APPLIED AT 0.5 MG L-1 MANAGED TO OBTAIN A HIGHER PERCENTAGE OF SHOOT FORMATION. THESE RESULTS SHOW US THAT IT IS NECESSARY TO BREAK THE SEED TEST THROUGH MECHANICAL SCARIFICATION TO OBTAIN A HIGH PERCENTAGE OF GERMINATION. IN ADDITION, THE TREATMENTS STIMULATED WITH ZEATIN WILL ALLOW THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT ESTABLISHMENT PROTOCOLS, OBTAINING UNIFORMITY IN THE RESPONSE OF THE EXPLANTS, WHOSE CONDITION IS FAVORABLE FOR THE FOLLOWING STAGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN IN VITRO MULTIPLICATION PROTOCOL.