CARACTERIZACION DE LOS MATERIALES UTILIZADOS EN LAS CONSTRUCCIONES DE LAS VIVIENDAS EN LA PARROQUIA RURAL DE CRUCITA DEL CANTON PORTOVIEJO

Abstract

Housing is the closed and covered place that is built to be inhabited by people. This type of building offers shelter to human beings and protects them from adverse weather conditions, in addition to providing them with privacy and space to store their belongings and carry out their daily activities. In South American countries and in the particular case of Ecuador, there is a significant housing deficit. According to data obtained by the Ministry of Urban Development and Housing MIDUVI, in 2011, there is a housing deficit of approximately 700,000 homes, of which 807th are required in the most vulnerable sector of the population. The idea then arises of studying more precisely the appropriate use of materials that can reduce costs without affecting the quality of life of its users, as well as verifying how each of the materials with which the homes were built acted during the earthquake. last April 16, which hit the province, in which most of the buildings collapsed completely. The investigation carried out in the rural parish of Crucita in the Portoviejo canton, according to the collection of the information obtained, it should be noted that 70% of the homes were vulnerable to the presence of the natural phenomenon, with the concrete ones being the most affected. armed, while the remaining 30% did not suffer any damage to their structures, these being made of bamboo cane. What has been observed throughout the investigative work is that without a doubt guadua cane is a material that requires great interest since the majority of people whose homes completely collapsed improvised their homes with this material. In Ecuador, it is known as "poor people's wood", its inappropriate use in marginal settlements has made it synonymous with poverty, even the professional sector is unaware of its characteristics and proper use. The construction materials are designed for a specific period of time, during which in the last 20 years it is necessary to carry out a study to guarantee the proper functioning of each material to be used in the construction of the homes.