Evaluación de la aplicación de microorganismos como alternativa en la reducción de la fertilización química nitrogenada en el cultivo de maíz

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out in order to evaluate the effect of two biostimulants as an alternative to reduce nitrogen fertilization in corn crop, since considering the great negative impacts that the high doses used in conventional agriculture generate to the environment, biostimulants arise from the search for options that allow the production of crops in sustainable agricultural systems. The Advanta 9735 corn hybrid was used, in a completely randomized block design (DBCA), with 10 treatments and 3 repetitions in a total area of 1152 m2, a bifactorial arrangement was used, with 4 doses of nitrogen (D1 = 50 kg/ha, D2 = 100 kg/ha, D3 = 150 kg/ha, D4 = 200 kg/ha) combined with 2 biostimulants (Microvit = Trichodermas spp 2x109 CFU/mL, Lactobasillus spp 1x109 CFU/mL, Sacchoromyces 1x109 CFU/mL and Economibac = Bacillus sp. 1.4x108 CFU/mL) plus 2 controls (Conventional = 200 kg ha-1 (N) and Absolute = No application). The variables studied were stem diameter, plant height, ear diameter, ear length, fresh weight of ear, weight of 100 grains and yield; An analysis of variance, orthogonal contrast was performed on the compiled data to determine the significance between the controls and the rest of the treatments, and Tukey's comparison test of means with an alpha of 0.05, concluding that the use of biostimulants based on microorganisms and the different levels of nitrogen did not affect the growth of the corn crop, since no significant difference is observed between the conventional control and the rest of the treatments, even its application allowed that using N doses of 50 kg/ha they did not have significant differences in yield parameters in relation to the application of 200 kg N/ha, leading to a lower use of nitrogenous fertilizers.