OBTENCIÓN DE BIOETANOL A PARTIR DE RESIDUALES AGROINDUSTRIALES

Abstract

This study focuses on the characterization and comparative analysis of bioethanol production from agroindustrial waste, proposing it as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuels. Given the growing energy demand and the need to mitigate environmental impact, the valorization of lignocellulosic waste generated by agroindustrial activity emerges as a promising solution, especially in regions with high agricultural production. A qualitative and descriptive methodology was implemented, based on a comprehensive literature review and a systematic study of complementary information. The yields reveal significant potential for sugarcane bagasse, fruit residues, rice husks, and corn stover. The pretreatment stages (physical, chemical, and physicochemical) and hydrolysis (particularly enzymatic) of lignocellulosic biomass, as well as the release of fermentable sugars, are analyzed. The composition of each residue directly influences the efficiency of the conversion stages. For example, the higher silica content in rice husks requires a more concentrated pretreatment, and the low lignin content in fruit residues simplifies the process, representing an important strategy due to their high moisture content. Furthermore, bioethanol production varies significantly depending on the feedstock; in the case of corn stover and sugarcane bagasse, these show high potential. Furthermore, second-generation bioethanol not only offers environmental benefits, but also minimizes competition with food crops and contributes to integrated waste management for the development of a circular economy.