Evaluación de parámetros fisiológicos y crecimiento de variedades de maní (Arachis hypogaea L.) bajo tres láminas de riego

Abstract

The cultivation of peanuts is among the legumes an important production item in several provinces of Ecuador; however, its highest production is established during the dry season, subjecting the crop to constant states of water stress that could hinder its response to growth and physiological functions. This research was established with the objective of evaluating the physiological and growth parameters of peanut varieties under three layers of irrigation. The Rosita, Caramelo, Rayado and Negro varieties of peanuts were evaluated, establishing themselves as the ones with the greatest commercial use in the province of Manabí. During growth, the plots were established with water depths of 0.2 ET0, 0.5 ET0 and 1.2 ET0. Physiological parameters such as xylem water potential, chlorophyll index and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured. In addition to the leaf area index, specific leaf area and dry matter of the plant. For the leaf area and dry matter, a significant effect is reported in the water layers, where the largest layer 1.2 ET0 obtained higher average values. A significant effect is also reported between the varieties, where the caramel variety accumulated higher dry matter and better leaf index. Regarding the physiological variables, variations were reported at the level of simple effects, where the sheets of 0.2 and 1.2 ET0 presented higher xylem water potential and lower maximum efficiency of photosystem II. Among the peanut varieties there are significant differences in the physiological processes, where the Caramelo variety presented the highest water potential of the xylem. The effect of growth and activity of the physiological parameters is framed mainly by the characteristics of the peanut varieties depending on the water conditions that occur.