ANÁLISIS DE LAS CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA SUPERFICIE DE LA CUENCA HIDROGRÁFICA DEL RÍO PORTOVIEJO EN EL TRAMO ANDRÉS DE VERA-PICOAZÁ Y SU INFLUENCIA EN LA VARIACIÓN DEL RESPECTIVO CAUDAL

Abstract

Watersheds are important part of the hydrological process, because they function as a system which in the first instance receives precipitation that will later become runoff, allowing quantifying the flow at its mouth. In the field of civil works is important to know the behaviour of watersheds face an event of precipitation, for it is advisable to integrate the hydrological study with an analysis of the characteristics of the coverage of the surface that will allow approximate results of flow rates and maximum levels of flooding which can be used to project works such as dams, sewers, bridges, among others that require its knowledge as the basis of calculation. Find a model that fits to the processes and real phenomena that occur when rainfall is generated is a complex task. The methods used reflect an approximation of reality. This work has focused first on the calculation of flows on the basis of the abstractions method of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), beacause largely approaching the natural process of rain, which before to establish contact with the ground is intercepted by other agents. Research details the procedures and considerations that must be taken into the method and compares the results with the help of the Hec-HMS software that confirms the validity of the calculations. In addition to the determination of the flow basin with its characteristics unaltered proceeds to calculate flow rates against other conditions caused by the anthropogenic intervention, such as deforestation, allowing to observe consequences involving the neglect of a watershed reflected in numbers, in the same way determines the flow assuming that the watershed is reforested, and can analyze the variations from one stage to another and so understand that if it is possible to control flow rates creating human consciousness. For this study was chosen the city of Portoviejo in the section corresponding to the sites Andrés de Vera at the Jaime Roldós bridge and Picoazá at the 5 de Junio bridge since according to literature reviews currently this sector presents considerable environmental affectations.