FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS A LA LEPTOSPIROSIS EN LA PARROQUIA CALDERÓN DEL CANTÓN PORTOVIEJO-PROVINCIA DE MANABÍ, DURANTE ENERO A DICIEMBRE DEL 2010

Abstract

Leptospirosis had a re-emergent and endemic behavior the last decade in the parish of Abdón Calderón. The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors associated to the human leptospirosis in this Parish of Portoviejo, between January and December of the 2010, with the purpose of identifying the population's general characteristics of study; to establish the prevalence; to know the percentage of adherence of the community to the Health Center and to elaborate an intervention plan based on population's education and dedicated to the community in general, educational institutions and the area of the most risk to catch the illness. This study was retroprospective, descriptive, analytic and documental. The focus group was constituted of 160 people of different ages and genre included in the clinical histories, family records and in the clinic-epidemiologic investigation records of the "Health Center of Calderón" and tested by laboratory exam also clinical and epidemically they were positive for leptospirosis. With the intervention plan it was possible to socialize the results of the present investigation and to educate to an approximate total of 1291 inhabitants; likewise the habits of hygiene, chlorination and consumption of sure water were fomented, rat poison use were explained and it was possible to document the intervention plan by videos, pictures and text files, so that they can serve as a base in future investigations to be carried out in the Ecuador. Conclusion: the bad habits of hygiene, the inadequate use of protection gear for domestic and agricultural works, the poor and low education, the low socioeconomic factor, possession of animals without the right vaccination domiciliary andperidomiciliary, the ingestion of water without the due purification process, as well as to live in the community of "La Balsa", they were the main factors of risk to catch leptospirosis in this Parish. The incidence was bigger in men among 20 to 64 years, with a prevalence of 1.3%. TO 1:1 man-woman's reason and of 1 positive case for each 111 inhabitants; the percentage of the population's adherence towards the Health Center of Calderón was very good (85%).