EMBARAZO EN ADOLESCENTES DE 10 A 19 AÑOS DE EDAD QUE ACUDEN A LA CONSULTA DE GINECO-OBSTETRICIA DEL CENTRO MATERNO INFANTIL DE ANDRES DE VERA DE ENERO A SEPTIEMBRE DEL 2010

Abstract

This descriptive study, retrospective study was conducted in order to investigate the incidence of pregnancy among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years of age attending the consultation of OB-GYN Center of Maternal and Child Andres Vera, January to September of 2010.The universe is made up of 180 pregnant adolescents who received care at the service delivery room of this establishment. We performed the data collection by reviewing medical records, for which it was designed an observation guide where they recorded all the necessary data, which were tabulated and processed for both conclusions and recommendations based on results. The main risk factors studied were maternal age, occupation, marital status, origin, education level, knowledge about sex education, menarche, first intercourse, contraceptive use, pregnancy planning, prenatal care, obstetric history (deeds, births , C-sections, abortions), gestational age at delivery, obstetric treatment and maternal and fetal complications. The main results found that pregnant adolescents constitute 20% of all pregnancies seen at this mostly aged 17-19 years of age, mostly from slum areas of Portoviejo, most meets housework showing the trend of Ecuadorian culture to live in a state of cohabitation and the increased tolerance of half the teenage pregnancy, illiteracy represent only 1% and most were enrolled in the school which puts out the deficiencies in the teaching sex education in schools and schools of our province, 93% of adolescents had never used contraception. It also was observed, low frequency of between 5-8 prenatal consultations, despite the risk that teenage pregnancy leads, 21% of teenagers already had previous deeds, as to the most current pregnancy ended in birth to age eutocic appropriate gestational representing 62%, 31% by cesarean section, of which the main causes were cephalopelvic disproportion, previous caesarean section, this reflects the poor development of bones and the birth canal in adolescent girls , a cause which is used for caesarean section to reduce the risk of the binomial (mother and son). There were few maternal-fetal complications, the main were urinary tract infections, anemia, the percentage of abortions was 4%, and hypertensive disorders 6%, there were no maternal or neonatal deaths during the study period . But this problem is corrected, it is possible that future generations the percentage of pregnancies rise to figures incorrigible have dropout rates and poverty increasingly high, slow the rate of professionals in the country, significantly increases the sexually transmitted diseases, so it is necessary to undertake campaigns to prevent teenage pregnancy in order to promote responsible sexual and reproductive health, on the basis of knowledge about contraceptive methods, duties and rights of adolescents to their sexuality , for which it is very important that the teaching comes from their own home, continuing education facilities in both public and private in the country.