ELECTROFORESIS DE PROTEÍNAS PATOLÓGICAS ASOCIADAS A HIPO E HIPERPROTEINEMIA

Abstract

Modifications in protein electrophoresis (PEL) depend on multiple factors as a consequence of different protein patterns, which in some cases indicate the presence of monoclonal and polyclonal gammopathies. The imbalance of the proteins is known as disproteinemias, and depending on the result they are called hyperproteinemias or hypoproteinemias, which is a health problem to be considered in the population. For these reasons, the present work aimed to characterize the pathological results of the PEL of patients treated in laboratories of Portoviejo between 2015 and 2018. For this purpose, a retrospective study was carried out in the clinical records of the patients who underwent PEL at the "Julio Villacreses Colmont" Oncological Hospital (SOLCA-Manabí). The population consisted of 992 PEL and the sample consisted of 629 that were pathological with sufficient analytical and clinical data to perform the diagnosis of dysproteinemias. In the study period, serum protein electrophoresis was requested in less than 1% of the total patients treated in the SOLCA-Manabí Laboratory and the frequency of presentation of pathological electrophoresis was approximately 25 new pathological results per year. In this study, women predominated and the mean age was 63 years, with a higher frequency of presentation between the fourth and eighth decades of life. The majority of the pathological electrophoresis were polyclonal gammopathies, followed by the monoclonal ones led by the Multiple Myeloma. The results show that an examination of total proteins would not be enough to differentiate between monoclonal and polyclonal gammopathies, however, a hyperproteinemia with hypoalbuminemia and a decreased ratio of albumin / globulin ratio, would guide towards the laboratory diagnosis of the type of Gammapathy which would be more efficient if protein electrophoresis is performed in the assessment of the final result