Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica
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Browsing Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica by Subject "AGROECOSISTEMAS"
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ItemEstudio de casos: El rol ejercido por los depredadores en el manejo de plagas en cultivos de Ecuador(INGENIERIA AGRONOMICA, 2021-02) Cevallos Cevallos, Damaris Patricia ; Santana Cedeño, Jerry ReneAGRICULTURAL PESTS CAN CAUSE ADVERSE EFFECTS ON CROP PRODUCTIVITY. TO MITIGATE THESE EFFECTS, IT DEPENDS ON CHEMICAL CONTROL, SINCE IT IS EFFECTIVE AND CONSTITUTES THE ONLY TOOL THAT CAN BE USED WHEN THE ECONOMIC THRESHOLDS OF INFESTATION ARE EXCEEDED. HOWEVER, THE INDISCRIMINATE USE OF PESTICIDES RESULTS IN PROBLEMS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, HUMAN HEALTH AND ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCES IN AGROECOSYSTEMS, SOMETIMES LEADING TO VERTIGINOUS POPULATION INCREASES OF SOME PESTS. IN CONTRAST, BIOLOGICAL CONTROL IS CONSIDERED A SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE, SINCE DUE TO ITS NATURAL OCCURRENCE AND APPRECIABLE EFFECT, IT IS THE FIRST OPTION TO BE CONSIDERED IN INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS. AMONG THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS ARE PREDATORS THAT ARE CHARACTERIZED BY CONSUMING MANY PREY THROUGHOUT THEIR LIVES. IN ECUADOR, THERE ARE EXPERIENCES THAT REFER TO THE NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF PREDATORS, AS WELL AS THEIR INCLUSION IN APPLIED BIOLOGICAL CONTROL PROGRAMS. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS WORK WAS TO ANALYZE THE ROLE THAT PREDATORS HAVE PLAYED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PESTS, AS WELL AS THE IMPLICATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THIS ALTERNATIVE IN ECUADOR.
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ItemEVALUACIÓN DE TRES SERVICIOS ECOSISTÉMICOS EN SISTEMAS AGROFORESTALES CON CAFÉ DE LOS CANTONES JIPIJAPA Y SANTA ANA DE LA PROVINCIA DE MANABÍ(INGENIERIA AGRONOMICA, 2021-03) Ayala Intriago, Alexia Cecilia ; Saltos Zambrano, José GerónimoCOFFEE (COFFEA ARABICA L.) IS A CROP OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPORTANCE AT THE GLOBAL, REGIONAL, AND LOCAL LEVELS. COFFEE-GROWING FAMILIES BENEFIT DIRECTLY AND INDIRECTLY FROM THE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES THAT THEY OBTAIN FROM THESE AGROECOSYSTEMS, ESPECIALLY FROM SHADE-GROWN COFFEE. THE PRESENT WORK WAS CARRIED OUT WITH THE OBJECTIVE OF EVALUATING THREE ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: CONSERVATION OF AGROECOSYSTEMS, EROSION CONTROL, AND CARBON STORAGE IN AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS WITH COFFEE (COFFEA ARABICA L.) USING CRITERIA AND INDICATORS. DURING THE PERIOD SEPTEMBER 2019 TO MARCH 2020, 12 HECTARES OF COFFEE PLANTATIONS WERE INVENTORIED DISTRIBUTED IN 6 FARMS IN THE SANTA ANA CANTON AND 6 FARMS IN JIPIJAPA, WHERE THE COFFEE PLANTS WERE BETWEEN 2 AND 5 YEARS OLD. AN ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE (ANOVA) WAS PERFORMED WITH A SIGNIFICANCE LEVEL OF 0.05 AND MULTIPLE COMPARISONS USING TUKEY'S HONEST SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE METHOD (Α = 0.05) FOR ALL THE EVALUATED INDICATORS THAT SHOWED STATISTICAL DIFFERENCES IN THE ANOVA. THE AGROFORESTRY SYSTEMS WITH COFFEE IN BOTH LOCATIONS ARE VERY SIMILAR (THERE WERE NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES IN THE ANOVA) AND ARE COMMONLY COMPOSED OF MUSA SPP. AND INGA SPP., COMBINED WITH FRUIT TREES SUCH AS CITRUS, AVOCADO, AMONG OTHERS; TIMBER AND NON-TIMBER TREES. IN THE CONSERVATION OF AGROECOSYSTEMS, BOTH LOCALITIES CONTAIN FOUR STRATA PRESENT IN THE SYSTEM, WITH THE MEDIUM-LOW STRATUM (5-9.9 M) BEING THE ONE WITH THE HIGHEST PRESENCE IN ALL THE FARMS.