FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS A TUBERCULOSIS EN USUARIOS DEL HOSPITAL DR. VERDI CEVALLOS BALDA

Abstract

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is transmitted between people through the air when someone with the disease sneezes, coughs, or spits, expelling the tubercle bacilli into the air. It is estimated that a quarter of the world's population is infected, but only a small part of those infected will become ill with tuberculosis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with tuberculosis in users of the Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda Hospital in the Portoviejo city, during the period January 2017 - December 2019. The study was descriptive, retrospective, observational and quantitative modality. The population was 99 users diagnosed with tuberculosis in the study period, to whom the inclusion criteria were applied, leaving a sample of 52 users. The results obtained were: predominant age group 19-41 years (36.54%), mostly male (78.85%) and from the Portoviejo canton (75%). The most frequent clinicopathological factor was diabetes (32.69%); the age group older than 65 years had the highest frequency of diabetes (5.20%); being diabetes and smoking, with equal frequency, the risk factors with the greatest presence in males (26.92%). In females, diabetes (5.77%) was the most frequent risk factor. Finally, diabetes was the most frequent risk factor in users of the Portoviejo canton (25%). It is concluded that diabetes is the main risk factor for developing tuberculosis in the Portoviejo canton