CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL PERFIL DIAGNÓSTICO POR LABORATORIO EN CÁNCER DE PIEL, HOSPITAL DR. JULIO VILLACRESES COLMONT

Abstract

Skin cancer has been considered a health problem with great impact on global society due to the increase in its incidence and mortality in recent years. According to the World Health Organization in 2020, it was fifth in the diagnosis of new cases, the most common being non-melanoma cancer, whereas melanoma-like cancer accounts for 4% of skin cancer lesions; however, it is the cause of 80% of deaths from this disease. In order to carry out a retrospective characterization of the diagnosis by clinical laboratory of patients with skin cancer treated at the Hospital Dr. Julio Villacreses Colmont, during the period 2015-2019, the sociodemographic and analytical variables were used. To which a descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis was applied, with the Minitab 18 program. There was an increase in the frequency of skin cancer in the province of Manabí, which affected both genera of the age group of 62-78 years, residing mainly in Portoviejo, Manta and Chone. Biopsy was used for the diagnosis of skin cancer, which allowed to determine that the most frequent histological variants were basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. No record of the use of specific tumor biomarkers for laboratory diagnosis of this disease was found. Biochemical and enzymatic tests were used as complementary tests for the monitoring of the disease. These presented in most cases, average values within the reference range, but with high dispersion. Principal component analysis reduced the dimensionality of the variables studied. The first component showed the relationship and influence of most analytical tests with sociodemographic variables on the diagnosis of skin cancer, which demonstrated the importance of complementary laboratory tests in the approach to the disease