Análisis de la comercialización de los productos de ciclo corto (arroz, maíz, tomate, pimiento y pepino) que se producen en el valle del ría Carrizal- Chone y su incidencia en el desarrollo socioeconómico en los cantones Bolívar y Tosagua, periodos 2003-2007

Abstract

The agriculture, as everything in the modern world, he/she has entered in a phase of acceleration. Today the farmer needs to have a clear idea of the cultivation type that can be him more profitable and more profitable, spreading in bill all the variations of the market, the influence of the fashion in the feeding, the possibilities, of his lands and the conditions of transport and storage that it prepares. It is in and of itself that along the investigation they cleared up several hypothesis and queries that settled down through the proposed objectives that “the commercialization of products of short cycle (rice, corn, tomato, pepper and cucumber) that Carrizal-Chone takes place in the valley of the river it impacts significantly in the socioeconomic development of the cantons Bolívar and Tosagua.” In the discernment that concerns to settle down it can highlight that all person either lives in search of the satisfaction of her necessities expressed in the productive, commercial and even human field and you/he/she is so she decides to be devoted to an activity like you/he/she is the case of the production and commercialization of the products of short cycle that are of great strategic importance as fundamental base for the self-sufficient development of the towns in this case the cantons Bolívar and Tosagua which are par excellence eminently agricultural and her inhabitants take advantage of the kindness of her fertile earth in its fullest extent for the exploitation of the floor what carries the socioeconomic development of the same ones. The production and commercialization go bound of the hand since both are in and of itself important part of an entire commercial system it is included inside this environment at 2436 producing of the canton Bolívar and 3485 of the canton Tosagua that are devoted to the agricultural and commercial activity according to the report of the Ministry of Agriculture AND cattle raising and based on the already investigated and analyzed, representative percentages demonstrate that: In the canton Bolívar 89% is of the masculine gender which represent to 2178 producers and 11% that represent at 258 that are women in this case. In the canton Tosagua 88% that he/she understands 3485 producers is men and 12% that it represents at 418 they are of feminine gender. It is necessary to emphasize that most of the population of both cantons is in the rural sector and they are devoted to the agricultural and commercial production for what the development of the same ones depends in great measure on this activity. It is of a lot of importance to mention that in their majority the level of the farmers' formal instruction is very low; in the canton Bolívar 61% of the alone farmers has studied the primary one 30% he/she doesn't have any instruction level 7% the secondary and 2% he/she has superior instruction. In the canton Tosagua 64% has primary instruction level 23% he/she doesn't have studies 10 secondary% and 3% he/she has level of superior instruction. However in spite of ésto the empiric and traditionalist knowledge added to the experience of the farmers has allowed them to be devoted to cultivate its lands and to obtain fruits of the same one they are this way already these nutritious or economic. Leaving of the questions that were carried out to those producing of the valley Carrizal-Chone; it can settle down that 36% of the producers is devoted to the production of short cycle for tradition because from its beginnings like producers have been devoted to these cultivations and in certain cases one has come giving from the family environment; on the other hand 34% specified that they prefer the production because its investment is recovered among 6-8 months that it is a relatively short period in relation to other products, the acceptance of this products motivates to 30% of producing to cultivate them since these they are present in the daily food chain. Based on the percentages and for the approach of each one of the producers as resolution most represented in 33% siembran in more quantity the corn because d is an appreciable grain for the consumer, also its cultivation doesn't require of a lot of investment, since he/she doesn't need too many fertilizers for its production and it is also used for the industry of balanced allowances and therefore its demand is high. On the other hand the pepper represented in 30% is another of the products that you siembran in great quantity since besides that wastes away to newspaper due to its different uses in the human feeding as vegetable or condiment its cultivation it is safe and profitable since this product is being exported to European and North American markets. Inside the products of short cycle we find the cucumber that not you siembra in too much quantity because it is a delicate and sensitive product to the damages for climatic consequences and this generates losses for the producers, in spite of it is very felt like in the daily feeding due to the proteins that it contains. The tomato in the last years has been stopped to sow in big quantities because the climatic conditions of the area have not been favorable for its production; likewise its cultivation requires of a higher investment; also this product is affected by virus that you/they put in risk the profitability of the producers as it happened this year that among the 10 to 15% of the cultivations were affected. Another of the products that we find is the rice although this gramineous it is not among the main products of the basic basket you siembra in abundance in the valley of the Carrizal-Chone because the manpower is scarce for the siembra works and it harvests, what reduces its cultivation. According to that observed the producers when deciding that to take place doesn't take in consideration the demand and the demands of the market; but rather they make it for references of prices of the last crop what I save climatological eventualities in most of the cases it drives to an on offer of products. He/she fits to emphasize that according to the realized questions to the comercializadores find that 75% that is to say more than the half, they are devoted for 6 years or more to this activity you could verify also that day by day more people are devoted to this business that begins with a minimum of capital and they look for of him to obtain some profitability. In what concerns to merchant's classes that Bolívar and Tosagua prevail in the markets of the cantons it can settle down that 50% of merchants is since wholesalers they buy bigger to take the product to other markets of the county and domestic. On the other hand the retailers also have their participation with 38% these they are devoted to supply the local market and they are an important link in the commercialization chain because they are in direct contact with the consumer. 38% of the merchants acquires its products since in the local market for lack of distribution mechanisms and storage those producing of the area they sell its products it hardly leaves the crop. On the other hand 33% obtains them of the middlemen because they buy the products to low prices without considering the costs of production or margins of utility that should perceive the producers being these last the most affected. With a majority of 63% the merchants buy the products with cash because the producers and middlemen need to recover their investment to be able to fulfill their obligationses. According to the realized questions to the consumers 70% of them affirms that they are been in an unjust way because the products are of bad quality because the best products are marketed by the wholesalers to other markets leaving the products of third and quarter class for the domestic consumption; they also express its necessity that they prefer the fresh and clean products because they have a better flavor and they can take advantage of their vitamins and they go this way free of sludges and they are saved the time that you/they are taken in cleaning them. It is necessary to make notice that in function of the temporary delimitation fixed project presently among the 2003-2007, specifically in the cantons Bolívar and Tosagua can settle down that the most productive year was the 2006 due to the good conditions of the nature, satisfactory results were obtained since for the producers, comercializadores and consumers the local and international market it could settle down with the export of the pepper. In the year 2003 the production of short cycle was favorable thanks to the climatic kindness and in the 2004 this increase in a relative percentage being of great benefit for the producers who obtained good crops. But of the 2005 one cannot tell the same thing this it was not a productive year due to the drought that I whip the cultivations especially since to the rice production as all we know this gramineous he/she needs of water so that it can be harvested. Due to the shortage of the products there was a great demand what brought I get the rise of the prices. Regarding the year 2007 in spite of having been in agricultural emergency due to the droughts and floods in the valley of the river Carrizal-Chone the production of the rice and of the corn it has been given in good quantities, contrary to the vegetables that were affected by several virus that for two years one came presenting in smaller scale but in this productive cycle I arrive to their climax, because the dedicated producers to the siembra of these species began to feel for the losses, almost total of their plantations. At the present time this has been overcome and the production you this giving in a favorable way and with good yield for all those that intervene in this productive and commercial activity. In what concerns the politicians of credits for the commercialization in many cases they are not very defined and they should be guided primarily to the productive entity of the agricultural sector and be used in the different phases of the production process, primary transformation and commercialization of products originated directly of these types of exploitation like: credits for cultivations, centers of storings, among others. Certainly this class of credits debit side to have lower interests compared with those that he/she usually offers the commercial banking and grace periods according to the plans of exploitation. It is so in the cantons Bolívar and Tosagua 54% of the merchants they obtain their financing of bank money, 33% uses own resources to exercise its activity and in its minority they establish agreements that is to say with the producers they have a system of consignment of merchandises giving the capital at the end of the day. In a society that this in constant change and take off of knowledge where the productive sectors face risks and opportunities like it is the agricultural segment with the TLC, the producers should have a constant training so that they are formed good bases and this way to make in front of the competitive world and globalizado in which are, but desventajosamente 67% of the producers doesn't receive training and 33 remaining% every year on the part of the plan of Agricultural Development of the CRM but it is not in all the areas, what is really minimum for people on who the economy of a town depends, in and of itself is indispensable that to the producers he/she becomes them entity comercializadores that you/they don't work only the earth, but rather they know how to sell the product of their efforts. It fits to delimit that if there is a general resolution to this whole scenario it is that the commercialization of products of short cycle provides a sustained and sustainable development for the population allowing that the dedicated individuals to the same one can reach their goals and objectives; using their knowledge and experiences in a work fruit of their efforts, but it is useful that they are rewarded with motivations, incentives and vision so that each one of them is projected and this way to make bigger the progress and improvement of the towns.