COMERCIALIZACIÓN E INDUSTRIALIZACIÓN DEL BROCOLI (Brassica olarecea var. Itálica) A NIVEL NACIONAL Y SU CONTRIBUCIÓN SOCIAL Y ECONÓMICA COMO PRODUCTO DE EXPORTACIÓN. PERÍODO 2001-2005

Abstract

The broccoli is an agricultural product, where the possibilities to industrialize the head or pellet, leaves and the plant are multiple and of varied interest and importance, as: pellets cut in pieces, dehydrated, in raisins, creams, pastas, puree, preserves and pieces in preserve. As product of low economic importance (frozen, I feed for livestock, payments, fibers and paper with the help of shafts, starch of the pulp of the shaft). In the country the production areas are sectorizadas for areas, the north (county of the Pichincha), sub-central (it leaves south of the county of Imbabura), central (county of Chimborazo), oriental (county of the Guayas and Azuay), south (county of Bolívar) and western area (county of Manabí). The surface of registered export of broccoli in the Ministry of Agriculture and Cattle raising for the year 2000 went from 1.370 hectares to national level and it registered a significant increase from the year 2001 with 1.820 hectares to 4.036 hectares in the year 2005. On the other hand the national commercialization is made at property level, where the producer sells or it markets the pellets harvested the middleman that takes charge of the transport and of the commercialization with the wholesalers in the consumption markets. The commercialization unit is its for size, characteristic, variety and weight, that which depends on the place where it is marketed and the price of sale of the size of the pellet and the relationship existent oferta/demanda to the moment of its purchase and commercialization. At international level, it is very varied, it presents multiple facets. It is marketed the pellets of broccoli, according to the country and their requirements in green state, in cardboard boxes, with content 3,50 kg. in units of 10 to 12 pellets that it is a modality that allows the adjusted packing to the technical norms of the importers. Ecuador has begun its exports to Europe, especially to the United Kingdom, placing this item at price levels, although very variable, interesting. As non traditional product it is exported in fresh and industrialized to the North American market (84%), Europe (8,50%), Asía (3,70%) and other countries (1,80%). inside this context the countries that show a growth hurried in the demand are Japan, France and Holland; in the Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway). In the social area it has impacted in positive form, allowing that, producers, associations, communities companies packers and exporters increase the qualified and not qualified manpower. For that that the human resources used in the activity related with this activity, it embraces two areas, the one that is at field level in which manpower is used and they compose it workers and eventual farmers that are hired for a while certain