DIAGNÓSTICO DEL CÁNCER DE TIROIDES POR PRUEBAS DE LABORATORIO, HOSPITAL ONCOLÓGICO DR. JULIO VILLACRESES COLMONT

Abstract

Thyroid cancer (TC) is a neoplastic disease of the endocrine system. Worldwide it has an important social impact because in general, it represents from 1 to 3% of cancers. In recent decades, the literature reports an increase in the incidence of TC, but at the same time, a decrease in the number of TC deaths. This type of pathology leads to doing the permanent monitoring of patients, through various laboratory tests. To characterize the clinical laboratory diagnosis of patients with TC to attend Hospital Oncológico Dr. Julio Villacreses Colmont, a retrospective study was carried out from January to December 2019, using sociodemographic and analytical variables. A descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis was applied using the principal components analysis (PCA) technique using the Minitab 18 statistical package. It was found that this disease significantly affected female patients, mainly those of the young and young adult group, who reside mostly in Portoviejo, Manta, and Chone. TSH and Ft4 tests were applied to most patients. The mean of all the tests except the Anti-TPO were located within the reference interval, however, the high dispersion, especially for TSH, Thyroglobulin, TgAb, and Anti TPO, evidence that the results are outside the range obtained in healthy people, and in turn, the utility of these in the diagnosis of TC. The most frequent histological variety was papillary carcinoma. The PCA allowed reducing the dimensionality of the studied variables, showing that the first component mainly explains the influence of laboratory tests, and the second component explains the influence of sociodemographic variables on the diagnosis of this pathology