MÉTODOS DIAGNÓSTICOS EN LA DETECCIÓN TEMPRANA DE HEMOFILIA A, CANTÓN JAMA

Abstract

Clotting factors are specialized proteins that are essential for maintaining hemostasis. People with hemophilia have difficulty stopping blood flow from a wound because of insufficient or deficient factors VIII (type A) and IX (type B). This X-linked disease presents a very varied clinical picture that can include ecchymosis, bleeding and hemarthrosis, the manifestations can vary in severity, from very mild to life-threatening pictures. According to studies carried out in recent years, approximately 1,125,000 men have hemophilia worldwide, of which around 418,000 manifest the severe form and even in a large part of the cases they have not yet been diagnosed. The hemophilic patient is prone to multiple systemic alterations that will leave him vulnerable to a severe hemorrhagic picture, in this work, the effectiveness of diagnostic methods for early detection of the disease was evaluated in patients from the Jama canton, Manabí where a group of patients lives with the disease. Additionally, a questionnaire was made to the multidisciplinary health personnel who cares for these patients. An observational, descriptive, retrospective design was carried out. The study universe was made up of users with a diagnosis of hemophilia admitted to the public health units of the Jama canton, and the study sample was made up of the results of patients with a diagnosis of hemophilia, who had all the analytical data in their medical records and minimal clinical conditions that allowed the study to be carried out. All the patients studied were male with an average age of 14 years. Regarding the laboratory tests, low hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets and prothrombin time were observed at values within and close to the reference intervals. elevated activated partial thromboplastin time. All patients had FVIII results below 10% and only 1 of them had a low FIX result. The laboratory tests used proved to be useful, although not sufficient for an accurate and differential diagnosis of the disease. More than half of the health personnel surveyed demonstrated that they know about the dise ase ingeneral, although more education about the disease should be worked on in the area and region