Ingeniero Agronomo
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ItemTécnicas de manejo de enfermedades poscosecha en frutos de cítricos(Ingenieria Agronomica, 2023-02)Worldwide, citrus production has increased due to the growing demand from producing and exporting countries. However, postharvest losses are a challenge for citrus growers, especially those caused by the fungi Penicillium digittaum and P. italilicum; in addition to the microorganisms that cause pre-harvest diseases, which persist over time and occur during citrus storage. The objective of the research was to compile systemic, applicable and useful information on postharvest disease management techniques for citrus fruits (Citrus spp.) in Ecuador. One of the management techniques is the use of synthetic fungicides, especially Imidazole and Benzimidazole and salts such as sodium orthophenyl phenate. Among the biological options, fungi, bacteria and yeasts with antagonistic and antifungal capacity are used. Among the physical measures, storage under low temperature conditions is used, which varies according to citrus species and luminosity, and is suggested as an excellent management measure for the rot-causing fungi, P. digitatum and P. italicum. Postharvest disease management should have a plan that includes at least two control measures.
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ItemUso de fertilizantes orgánicos en la producción de cucurbitáceas. Revisión de literatura(Ingenieria Agronomica, 2023-02)The man has adopted innumerable procedures to improve the quality of his agricultural products,as well as to mitigate the adversities that can occur in crops, looking for alternatives to improve soils, produce under controlled conditions, guarantee profitability in harvests and contribute to the health of consumers. Organic ecological agroecological agriculture or other expressions is the result of intensive, industrial agriculture, or the green revolution due to the negative impacts on the soil, the atmosphere, and crops such as cucurbits, among which the following stand out: melon, watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin, among others. The main of this work was develop a literature review on the use of organic fertilizers in cucurbits. The review used 53 bibliographic references in English, Spanish and Portuguese, included in Web of Science, SCOPUS, Scielo, Redalyc and Latindex from 2010 to 2023, using the keywords ¨family Cucurbitaceae¨, ¨importance of Cucurbitaceae¨, ¨organic fertilizers¨, and ¨use of organic fertilizers in Cucurbitaceae¨. It can be concluded that it is possible to produce cucurbits with different organic fertilizers and that their production and quality depend on their nutritional content, as well as on factors related to the crop. In the documents analyzed, cattle manure stands out as the most used fertilizer in the production of cucurbits.
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ItemImportancia de la calidad agrícola en la economía rural de Manabí, Ecuador(Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-12)TRADITIONALLY, THE CONCEPTS OF RURAL ECONOMY AND AGRICULTURAL ECONOMY ARE GENERALLY USED AS SYNONYMS. THE BOOST IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY HAS BEEN ACCOMPANIED BY A DECREASE IN RURAL POVERTY. HOWEVER, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH HAS FAILED TO ACCELERATE STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN THE RECENT PERIOD DUE TO SEVERAL CONSTRAINTS. AS A RESULT, THE TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURAL SECTOR HAS APPARENTLY FAILED TO DRIVE THE DEMAND FOR INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND THUS THE INDUSTRIALIZATION OF THE COUNTRY. A DYNAMIC TRANSFORMATION IN THE PROVINCE CAN BE ACHIEVED BY PRIORITIZING AGRICULTURAL QUALITY. IN THIS SENSE, THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS REVIEW IS TO COLLECT VARIOUS POINTS OF VIEW REGARDING THE IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURAL QUALITY FOR THE RURAL ECONOMY OF THE PROVINCE OF MANABÍ, ECUADOR. THE GOVERNMENT MUST FORMULATE POLICIES THAT HELP END SUBSISTENCE FARMING, WHICH IS PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LOW WAGES OF AGRICULTURAL LABOR. THE ADOPTION OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY, THE ADEQUATE CHANNELING OF FORMAL FINANCING TO THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR AND THE LIMITATION OF THE DECREASE IN ARABLE LAND ARE SOME OF THE POLICY OPTIONS TO CONSIDER.
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ItemEVALUACIÓN DE LA TECNOLOGÍA DE RIEGO POR GOTEO UTILIZANDO LA MANGUERA UNIRAM EN EL CULTIVO DE CACAO, EN EL CAMPUS EXPERIMENTAL “LA TEODOMIRA” DE LA FIAG(Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-10)THE COCOA (THEOBROMA CACAO L), IS A PLANT CONSIDERED SENSITIVE TO WATER SCARCITY, ALTHOUGH YIELDS CAN BE AFFECTED BY EXCESS MOISTURE THAT OCCURS IN THE ROOT ZONE OF THE CROP, SO SOILS WITH GOOD DRAINAGE ARE NEEDED. THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS RESEARCH WORK WAS TO EVALUATE THE AGRONOMIC AND HYDRAULIC PARAMETERS OF THE DRIP IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGY WITH THE UNIRAM HOSE IN THE CULTIVATION OF COCOA IN THE EXPERIMENTAL CAMPUS "LA TEODOMIRA"; BELONGING TO THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING, LOCATED IN THE LODANA PARISH, SANTA ANA CANTON, MANABÍ PROVINCE, ECUADOR. THE RESEARCH WAS CARRIED OUT IN THE AREA OF THE PROJECT "DEVELOPMENT OF INTRASPECIFIC COCOA HYBRIDS FOR THE PROVINCE OF MANABÍ". THE IRRIGATION UNITS WERE SELECTED IN WHICH THE DETERMINATIONS OF THE BEHAVIOR OF THE WETTING CONE WERE MADE, FOR WHICH 16 SAMPLING SITES WERE SELECTED FOR EACH IRRIGATION SUBUNIT. IN THE SELECTED PLANTS, THE MOISTENING CONE WAS DETERMINED STARTING FROM EACH SELECTED PLANT FROM 0.50 TO 1.50 METERS FROM THE PLANT, FOR WHICH THE TDR 300 VOLUMETRIC HUMIDITY METER WAS USED. THE UNIFORMITY COEFFICIENT OF THE INSTALLED IRRIGATION SYSTEM, FOR WHICH 16 RAIN GAUGES WERE PLACED FOR EACH SAMPLED UNIT. THE COEFFICIENT WAS DETERMINED FROM THE 25% MEAN FLOW RATES AND THE TOTAL MEAN FLOW RATES. WITH THE RESULTS OF THE DETERMINATION OF THE BEHAVIOR OF THE IRRIGATION SYSTEM, THE PROPOSAL OF THE OPERATION PROGRAM OF THE IRRIGATION SYSTEM WAS MADE, FOR WHICH AN AVERAGE FLOW RATE OF THE DRIPPERS OF 1.88 L/H WAS OBTAINED, WITH A UNIFORMITY COEFFICIENT OF 97 %, DEMONSTRATING THAT THE UNIRAM HOSE DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM GUARANTEES THE WATER REQUIREMENT OF THE COCOA CROP.
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ItemEmpleo de alternativa orgánica para reducir el uso de fertilizantes químicos en la producción del cultivo de maíz en la parroquia Lodana del cantón Santa(Ingenieria Agronomica, 2022-10)CORN IS ONE OF THE MAIN SHORT-CYCLE CROPS IN ECUADOR, AS IT IS USED FOR HUMAN AND ANIMAL CONSUMPTION. THE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED AT THE TEODOMIRA EXPERIMENTAL CAMPUS OF THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING, WHERE THE MAIN OBJECTIVE WAS TO EVALUATE THE PRODUCTION OF CORN CROP UNDER COMPOST APPLICATION TO REDUCE THE USE OF CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS. THE EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN USED WAS A COMPLETELY RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN (CRBD) THREE REPLICATIONS, WITH 9 TREATMENTS PLUS A WITNESS, WHICH SERVED AS A REFERENCE TO CALCULATE THE AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCIES. THE STUDY FACTORS WERE FERTILIZER SOURCES (F1 = UREA + TRIPLE SUPER PHOSPHATE + POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; F2 = COMPOST + UREA + TRIPLE SUPER PHOSPHATE + POTASSIUM CHLORIDE; AND F3 = COMPOST + TRIPLE SUPER PHOSPHATE + POTASSIUM CHLORIDE) AND FERTILIZATION RATES (D1 = 66 - 23 - 60 KG NPK HA-1; D2 = 132 - 46 - 60 KG NPK HA-1; AND D3 = 198 - 69 - 90 KG NPK HA-1). THE VARIABLES EVALUATED WERE: EAR DIAMETER, EAR LENGTH, EAR FRESH WEIGHT, 100-SEED WEIGHT, YIELD, NPK AGRONOMIC EFFICIENCY, AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS. ON THE OTHER HAND, THE BEST COST-BENEFIT RATIO IN CORN CROP PRODUCTION WAS OBTAINED WHEN CHEMICAL FERTILIZATION WITH UREA + TRIPLE SUPERPHOSPHATE + POTASSIUM CHLORIDE WAS APPLIED AT AN AVERAGE FERTILIZATION RATE (132-46-60 KG NPK HA-1), HAVING A LOW PRODUCTION COST AND A HIGHER MARGINAL RATE OF RETURN. BY INCORPORATING ORGANIC MATTER IN THE FERTILIZATION SOURCES AND USING A LOWER DOSE, IT IS POSSIBLE TO OBTAIN HIGHER YIELDS IN THE INTERACTIONS, ALTHOUGH THIS TREATMENT DID NOT SHOW EFFICIENCY IN THE REST, ITS APPLICATION CAN BE RECOMMENDED, SINCE IT CONSIDERABLY IMPROVES THE PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOIL.