Licenciado en Laboratorio Clinico
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ItemTOXOPLASMOSIS Y FACTORES DE RIESGO EN EMBARAZADAS DEL HOSPITAL BÁSICO DE EL CARMEN(Universidad técnica de Manabí, 2020)Objective: To determine seroprevalence against Toxoplasma gondii and risk factors in pregnant women who attend prenatal control at the Basic Hospital of El Carmen. Methodology: The study corresponded to descriptive, cross-sectional, ambispective and observational research. The medical records of HIV-positive pregnant women for toxoplasmosis, who attended the Basic Hospital of El Carmen during the period January – December 2019 and collecting in a database the following parameters: gestational age, number of controls, results of IgG and IgM laboratory tests were reviewed. In addition, a survey was conducted to determine possible risk factors for toxoplasmosis, in 30 pregnant women who attended consultation during the period under study (the HIV-positive survey was not achieved). Results: A total population of 1130 pregnant women attended the Basic Hospital of El Carmen during the period studied, of which 22 turned out to be HIV-positive. Ages 15-20 were the highest prevalence group (45.5%), of which 20 women were diagnosed in first birth and 2 in second birth. Of the women evaluated, 20 were in school, 8 were in high school and 2 were from higher education. Finally, risk factors predisposed to Toxoplasma gondii infection were detected for 20 women who have pets; of the total sample, 25 consume uns boiled water; 30 consume uns boiled milk and 29 consume raw vegetables. • Conclusion: 22 HIV-positive patients were identified for IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii. No pregnant woman was HIV-positive to IgM. There is no knowledge of toxoplasmosis infection. Knowledge about infection in patients is zero, as in all their responses about toxoplasmosis it was observed that they are completely unaware of the subject, and it is not important to it, since they do not interpret their laboratory tests, nor are they interested in knowing that they are searched in the studies that are requested. However, users who go to the pre-natal consultation at the Basic Hospital of El Carmen and can be identified that within their diet there is the intake of raw vegetables which was the greatest risk factor associated with the infection of Toxoplasmosis, which despite the declaration of washing them , it cannot be ensured that the water with which it is made is free of microorganisms, and in this case toxoplasma; for this, a triptych was delivered that provided basic information on how to prevent Toxoplasma gondii infection for pregnant women who go to the Basic Hospital of Carmen.
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ItemSISTEMA DE GESTIÓN DOCUMENTAL PARA EL ÁREA DE TUBERCULOSIS, HOSPITAL DE ESPECIALIDADES DE PORTOVIEJO(Universidad técnica de Manabí, 2021)A document management system allows the medical, administrative, and technical staff of the hospital to achieve efficient results in the functions and services provided by the institution for diagnosis. The objective of this project is to develop Standardized Operating Procedures, as technical instructions in document management for the tuberculosis area of the Portoviejo Specialty Hospital. The methodology used is descriptive, observational, not experimental. For this, instruments such as open interviews, SWOT strategies, and bibliographic review of current documents, leaders and standards based on the tuberculosis laboratory were used in all phases. A situational analysis was carried out to determine the needs of the area and the proposed SOPs for the documentary system were elaborated, the development of these documents was framed in 3 phases of processes. It starts from the request of the test to the delivery of results. In the pre-analytical phase, 3 SOPs were carried out, in the analytical phase 11 SOPs, and in the post-analytical phase 5 SOPs were elaborated. The document management proposal for the tuberculosis diagnosis area was presented to the authorities of the Clinical Laboratory. A part of the document management was contributed to contribute to the established needs of the tuberculosis area. These were based on technical standards from national and international organizations; such as the National Institute of Public Health and Research (INSPI), the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) / World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases (LA UNION)
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ItemSEROPREVALENCIA DE Trypanosoma cruzi EN DONANTES DE LA CRUZ ROJA PORTOVIEJO(Universidad técnica de Manabí, 2020)Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of anti Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies in donors from the Portoviejo Red Cross, period 2011-October 2020. Chagas disease is a disease of infectious origin, which is caused by the flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by triatomines, better known as 'Bedbugs' that we can find especially in areas related to rural areas and poverty. The most common form of transmission is through the fecal matter of triatomines, which contain metacyclic trypomastigote forms that penetrate the human skin. Other forms of acquisition are, by transplacental route, by organ transplants or by blood transfusions. Methodology: The study corresponds to a retrospective research, with a descriptive-analytical scope. The test used to determine antibodies against T. cruzi in the Red Cross is serological by electrochemiluminescence; The patient must have 2 positive results from 3 tests to confirm it as chagasic. Results: A prevalence of 0.33% of seropositivity to T. cruzi in the donors studied was determined, with the highest number of positives in males (84%), 41 to 50 years (28%), single (51 %), students (16%) and inhabitants of other cantons of Manabí or provinces (59.3%). In addition, triptychs and a mural were delivered to the Portoviejo Red Cross on preventive measures to counteract this parasite. Conclusion: A low seroprevalence for T. cruzi was detected in blood donors, similar to that reported by PAHO for Ecuador
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ItemSEROPREVALENCIA AL VIRUS DE HEPATITIS A, HOSPITAL GENERAL PORTOVIEJO(Universidad técnica de Manabí, 2022)Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis A virus, whose endemicity and seroprevalence are associated with overcrowding, poor access to drinking water, and inadequate disposal of wastewater. The study of the distribution of the seroprevalence of the hepatitis A virus according to the sociodemographic characteristics of the patients is considered of great importance in terms of public health, since it mainly affects vulnerable groups. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of the hepatitis A virus in patients who attended the Portoviejo General Hospital in the 2018-2020 period. The methodology was descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective and quantitative. The population consisted of 63 patients diagnosed with hepatitis A during the study period. We worked with 100% of the population. In the study period, 848 HAV-IgM determinations were made, of which 63 had a positive result, obtaining a seroprevalence of 7.43% for hepatitis A. The highest seroprevalence occurred in 2019 (10.37%) followed by 2018 (5.11%), while in 2020 there were no positive cases. According to age and gender, the highest seroprevalence of hepatitis A occurred in the age group of 18 to 29 years (2.95%) and in the male gender (4.01%). It is concluded that in the Hospital General Portoviejo there is a low seroprevalence of hepatitis A, although an upward trend has been observed in recent years
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ItemSENSIBILIDAD ANTIMICROBIANA EN UROCULTIVOS DE PACIENTES DEL HOSPITAL GENERAL DE MANTA(Universidad técnica de Manabí, 2022)Introduction: Urinary tract infections are caused mostly by Escherichia coli bacteria, which is becoming more resistant in relation to antibiotics, this occurs due to their indiscriminate use, which favors the creation, adaptation and dissemination of resistance mechanisms, becoming a public health problem. Objective: Analize the antimicrobial sensitivity of urine cultures. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study where the results of urine cultures from the Manta General Hospital laboratory during the 2015-2020 period will be collected. It is expected to determine which bacteria are prevalent in urinary tract infections in this hospital, as well as their resistance and sensitivity profile in the last 5 years. Results: According to the data collected, E. coli is the predominant bacterium that causes UTI, with the female gender being the most affected. On the other hand, the main antibiotic used in the study sample and giving way to an effective treatment is Trimethoprim – Sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: the bacterium Escherichia coli turned out to be the most found in urine cultures in all the years of study